上代日语中的具格表现简

具格是指表示工具、方式、材料等的格表现。现代日语中,通常用「Nで」的形式来表示具格（在表示材料时,也可以采用「Nから」的表现形式）,而上代日语中则存在“零格”、格助词「にて」「より」「ゆ」「よ」「して」「に」、“以”以及复合格助词「によりて」等多种表现形态。     

食品科学专业仪器分析教学改革探索与实践

针对目前普通高等学校食品科学专业仪器分析课程教学存在的教学内容陈旧、与专业联系不紧密等问题,提出仪器分析课程教学改革的必要性.根据学生的专业特点进行教学改革,包括精心组织教学内容、培养学生学习兴趣、增加综合设计性实验等,以有利于培养食品科学专业的合格人才,提高仪器分析课程的教学质量.     

Are student exchange programs worth it?

The number of university students participating in exchange programs has risen sharply over the last decade. A survey of Swiss university graduates (classes of 1999 and 2001) shows that participation in student exchange programs depends significantly on the socio-economic background of students. We further analyze whether the participants benefit from additional advantages caused by these exchange programs. Analyses show that student exchange programs are associated with higher starting salaries and a higher likelihood of opting for postgraduate degrees. Analyses using instrumental variable estimations (IV), however, show that these outcomes are not causally related to participation in exchange programs.