健身登山对肥胖中老年人体质水平、血脂、胰岛素抵抗及C-反应蛋白的影响

目的：研究健身登山对中老年肥胖患者体质水平、血脂、胰岛素抵抗及C-反应蛋白水平的影响。方法：对肥胖中老年患者128名,进行健身登山训练,并于登山前后各测定一次体质水平、血脂、胰岛素、C反应蛋白。结果：健身登山后研究对象的体质水平、血脂、HDL-C水平、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、C-反应蛋白均较健身登山前有显著改善（P<0.05）。结论：健身登山能够作为中老年肥胖患者的运动疗法方案,对预防和减少中老年肥胖患者的心脑血管疾病发生发展具有重要作用。     

胰岛素受体结构及信号转导机制探讨

受体是细胞膜或细胞内能识别生物活性分子,并与之持异性地结合,从而引起特征性生物效应的一类生物大分子.近年来利用基因工程的方法,确定了胰岛素受体(IR)的结构,并对信号转导机制进行了研究,使受体的结构和功能的研究成为可能.     

糖尿病患者自我注射胰岛素的健康教育与护理

目的：总结糖尿病患者自我注射胰岛素的护理,减轻糖尿病患者家庭经济和护理负担,提高生活质量。方法：对需注射胰岛素的糖尿病患者进行心理疏导,告知注射胰岛素的相关注意事项。结果：通过健康宣教,提高糖尿病患者胰岛素治疗效果,更好控制血糖水平。结论：让糖尿病患者正确使用胰岛素,加强糖尿病的治疗效果。     

Metabolic Issues in Schizophrenic Patients Receiving Antipsychotic Treatment

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder with a complex pathophysiology and requires treatment that includes long term administration of antipsychotics that is said to be associated with metabolic syndrome. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of seven different antipsychotics prescribed to schizophrenic patients, on development of metabolic syndrome in the patients. A total of 210 patients with schizophrenia (30 patients in each drug therapy group) were recruited according to ICD-10 criteria and were assigned to receive the drug for 16 weeks. Measurement of anthropometric (body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure) and biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, LDL, HDL) was done and the patients were subjected to ATP-III defined criteria for metabolic syndrome. Patients undergoing treatment with olanzapine were more prone to metabolic syndrome as the drug induces weight gain after 16 weeks of treatment. It also induces dyslipidemia (P < 0.001) and hyperglycemia (P < 0.01). Clozapine was found to be second most potent drug in inducing metabolic syndrome as the weight in clozapine treated patients increased after 16 weeks, along with a significant increase in glycemic (P < 0.001) and lipid parameters (P < 0.01). Aripriazole and amisulphride are comparatively safer drugs as their role in inducing metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenic patients was insignificant, although the impact of long term administration of these drugs needs to be explored. It is clear from the study that antipsychotic treatment induces metabolic syndrome so, it becomes important that the metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors should be surveillance regularly in schizophrenic patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment.     

Comparison of the effects of acute and chronic psychological stress on metabolic features in rats

This study was aimed to compare the effects of acute and chronic psychological stress on metabolic factors. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control and stressed groups. Stress was applied by a communication box acutely (1 d) and chronically (15 and 30 d). Blood sampling was carried out by retro-orbital-puncture method. The plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and corticosterone were measured. In addition, feed and water intake, latency to eat and drink, adrenal and body weights were determined. Acute and chronic psychological stress did not significantly change basal plasma corticosterone levels. However, immediately (1 min) after acute exposure to stress, plasma corticosterone level increased compared to that before stress exposure. Acute stress increased plasma insulin levels significantly. Fifteen days of stress exposure resulted in plasma glucose increase. Chronic stress significantly increased feed intake, latency to eat, and adrenal weight compared to acute stress. The body weights of both control and stressed groups increased markedly during the experiment. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index did not change significantly in the stressed group. In conclusion, application of acute and chronic psychological stress leads to different metabolic and/or behavioral changes but the metabolic changes resulting from acute exposure to stress seem to be more pronounced.     

胰岛素休克小鼠血糖变化的研究

研究小鼠禁食不同时间及注射胰岛素导致小鼠休克时血糖的变化,并观察酸性生理盐水稀释胰岛素对低血糖休克出现时间及血糖值有无影响.结果表明,小鼠分别禁食12﹑18﹑22﹑24h时的血糖值之间无明显差异（P〉0.05）,在各组小鼠注射胰岛素后,血糖均明显下降（P〈0.05）,但各组下降后的血糖值之间无明显差异（P〉0.05）;不同剂量的胰岛素或是否用酸性生理盐水稀释胰岛素,注射后出现休克的时间及休克时各组小鼠血糖值之间无明显差异（P〉0.05）.     

Effects of breakfast with different calorigenic amounts on blood glucose, insulin and glucagon levels

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between breakfast and serum glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations in order to establish a model breakfast appropriate for Chinese. Twenty-four volunteers were randomly assigned to four study groups: high carbohydrate breakfast, high fat and protein breakfast, the typical breakfast and fasting. Each subject had serum and urine samples collected while fasting and at 1,2 and 3.5 hours following the meal. The concentration of serum glucose, insulin and glucagon was measured. The levels of serum glucose in group A,B and C differed significantly at 1 and 2 hour after meal compared to those at fasting (P<0.05). The serum glucose in group A increased insignificantly after meal. The serum insulin levels were in group A,B and C significant different compared with control group(P<0.05).Those peaked at 1 hour after meal ,with group C rising the furthest. Compared with the fasting group, the serum glucagons rose and maintained the increase after breakfast in group A,B and C (P<0.05).The data suggested that various diets with different calorigenic amounts increased hormone concentration to various extents. We found that a breakfast rich in carbohydrates could maintain proper blood glucose level.