新疆高校大学生党员宗教观现状调查与分析

文章通过问卷调查分析,认为新疆高校大学生党员对马克思主义宗教观的认识基本上是清楚的,但也存在着不容忽视的问题。产生这些问题的主要原因是对大学生党员的思想教育存在着薄弱环节,需要今后在加强党组织的思想建设过程中,通过加强对大学生党员的马克思主义宗教观和科学无神论教育逐步加以解决。     

Teaching in inclusive classrooms: efficacy and beliefs of Canadian preservice teachers

This study provides a Canada-wide snapshot of the self-efficacy and beliefs of 1490 preservice teachers in relation to inclusive teaching using the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice and the Beliefs about Learning and Teaching Questionnaire. At the time of data collection, these preservice teachers were in the final stages of their teacher education programmes. Based on the results of surveys in 11 Faculties of Education, men have higher self-efficacy than women for managing behaviour in the classroom, elementary preservice teachers have higher self-efficacy in collaboration than those teaching in secondary schools, those enrolled in the 1-year post-degree programme show lower self-efficacy than those enrolled in programmes of other durations, and those who have experience with people with special education needs show higher self-efficacy than those who do not. Differences illustrated that women were more inclusive than men, 1-year post-degree preservice teachers were less inclusive than others, and those who have experience with people with special education needs are more inclusive than those who do not. Recommendations for teacher education and limitations surrounding the practical significance of the findings are discussed.     

Explanations of attitudes to change: Colombian mathematics teachers’ conceptions of the crucial determinants of their teaching practices of beginning algebra

This article arises from a study whose overall purpose was to investigate the relationship between Colombian mathematics teachers’ conceptions of beginning algebra and their conceptions of their own teaching practices. The teachers’ understandings of their teaching practices were explored with a view to unravelling their conceptions of change in their teaching. Focusing on the perspectives of teachers afforded opportunities that exposed the powerful role that the teachers’ conceptions of social/institutional factors of teaching played in their conceptions of their practices. The degree to which the teachers attributed these (external) factors as crucial reasons for what they do in their teaching was the basis of a categorisation of their conceptions of the crucial determinants of their teaching practices into three types. The findings are particularly relevant to our understanding of the stability of mathematics teaching approaches in the Colombian context but have likely implications for a range of international education contexts. Specific implications for the development of the research into teachers’ conceptions of mathematics and its teaching, and for teacher education programmes are presented.

大学英语教师修正性反馈信念与课堂教学行为关系研究

教师教学信念影响其教学行为,也是预测教师教学质量和教学效果的最有效指标。文章运用课堂观察、深度访谈和刺激性回忆法,聚焦于三位英语专业精读课教师的教学信念和课堂行为,通过对所得数据进行定量和定性分析发现：由于个体差异,不同教师所持的教学信念互不相同,他们的课堂教学行为也存在巨大差异;同一教师持有内部相矛盾的信念,但这种个人内部矛盾的信念会随着教学经验的丰富和专业知识不断程序化而减弱;由于教学环境和教师所调用的知识的不同,同一教师的教学信念和教学行为之间虽具有一定的联系,但二者之间具有很大的差异。这就要求广大教师要不断反思自己的教学,积极开展行动研究,注意发展和完善自己的教学信念体系,努力促进专业知识的程序化,以应对复杂多变的课堂教学环境。     

Building a just world: the effects of service-learning on social justice beliefs of Chinese college students

This study aimed to examine the effects of different service experiences on the social justice beliefs of 60 Chinese college students with mixed methods. The quantitative results indicated that the participants in two service groups (i.e. for at-risk adolescents and adolescents with cerebral palsy) demonstrated a more significant promotion of social justice beliefs than their peers in non-service group. A qualitative analysis provided evidence of the mechanism underlying service-learning, as well as different service experiences affecting on students’ social justice beliefs. Finally, the implications for implementing service-learning and realizing social justice goals in China were discussed.     

教育智慧：具有爱的教育思维

教育智慧属于思维领域,是教育情感和教育思维融合的产物,是具有爱的教育思维,表现为具有爱的教育观及具有爱的教育操作思路。具有爱的教育观,是形成教育智慧的前提,只有以爱的视野理解了教育是什么,才能以爱的情怀设计教育怎么做;具有爱的教育操作思路,是教育智慧的核心,只有形成具有爱的教育操作思路,我们才能达到形成教育智慧的目标。教育智慧的形成,最终体现为教育者遵循具有爱的教育原则。     

后方法语言教学方法观：继承与发展

文章从方法时代教学方法的缘起与变迁入手,阐释了方法与后方法的概念。通过文献复习,梳理了后方法条件、后方法教育理论和后方法宏观策略框架等后方法语言教学方法观。最后,对比分析了方法时代教学法理论与后方法教育理论的异同,并提出了后方法是方法的继承、超越与发展的观点。     

关于大学生宗教信仰问题的分析研究——对西安市13所高校大学生宗教信仰状况的调查

近年来,信教大学生群体有不断扩大的趋势,大学生的宗教信仰问题也逐渐引起了学术界的广泛关注与探讨。通过对西安市13所高校大学生宗教信仰状况进行调查,认为应当加强对大学生宗教政策、宗教知识的教育,探索新形势下爱国宗教团体在大学生宗教信仰问题上的积极作用,并建立宗教事务部门与学校管理部门的长效沟通机制。     

山海经、生命智力学与藏羚羊四肢上的氧气囊

帝禹时代的国土资源考察白皮书《山海经.五藏山经》记述有一种尾部有窍口的类似麋鹿的奇异动物＂罴＂,它很可能就是藏羚羊。因为藏羚羊的四肢上部各有一个气囊,后肢气囊的窍口就在尾部。藏羚羊四肢气囊的功能是储存额外的氧气,以供藏羚羊在空气稀薄的青藏高原快速长距离奔跑时对氧气的需求。关于藏羚羊四肢氧气囊的形成原理,达尔文的＂随机微变＋自然选择＂无法解释,而生命智力学暨智因进化论却可以给予充分地解释。目前中国学术界、科学界存在着把批评达尔文、超越达尔文的科学研究视为禁区的潜规则。破除这种潜规则,为中国人的自主原始理论创新开绿灯,有助于中国国家软实力的提高。     

基于三阶段DEA的人工智能上市企业创新效率评价

以中国41家人工智能上市企业为样本,采用三阶段DEA模型对人工智能企业的创新效率进行有效测算。结果表明,企业规模、成立年限、政府补贴、地区对外开放水平和经济发展水平的提高有助于企业创新效率的提升,而股权性质、股权集中度和信息化水平则制约了企业创新效率的改进;清除环境影响和统计噪声后,多数企业的创新效率与纯技术效率上升,但仍处于较低水平;不同类型人工智能企业的创新效率存在差异,应用层企业最高,基础层企业次之,技术层企业最低。为了进一步提升人工智能产业的创新效率,政府应实施差异化战略,加大补贴力度,落实配套政策并加强知识产权保护;企业应扩大研发规模,完善管理机制,加强产学研合作,深化股权结构改革。