Improving document clustering in a learned concept space

Most document clustering algorithms operate in a high dimensional bag-of-words space. The inherent presence of noise in such representation obviously degrades the performance of most of these approaches. In this paper we investigate an unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique for document clustering. This technique is based upon the assumption that terms co-occurring in the same context with the same frequencies are semantically related. On the basis of this assumption we first find term clusters using a classification version of the EM algorithm. Documents are then represented in the space of these term clusters and a multinomial mixture model (MM) is used to build document clusters. We empirically show on four document collections, Reuters-21578, Reuters RCV2-French, 20Newsgroups and WebKB, that this new text representation noticeably increases the performance of the MM model. By relating the proposed approach to the Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) model we further propose an extension of the latter in which an extra latent variable allows the model to co-cluster documents and terms simultaneously. We show on these four datasets that the proposed extended version of the PLSA model produces statistically significant improvements with respect to two clustering measures over all variants of the original PLSA and the MM models.     

高中生英语词汇学习策略与词汇量相关性研究

以湖州双林中学高三学生为调查对象,采用问卷、词汇量测试卷等工具,运用定量分析的方法研究了高中生词汇学习策略的总体倾向,探讨了词汇学习策略与词汇量的相关性。结果表明:高中生普遍接受运用和上下文的词汇学习观念,他们不太赞成死记硬背的观念;高中生使用的词汇学习策略数目有限,在22项词汇学习策略中,常用的仅选择性注意、重复、自我激励等8项;词汇学习策略与词汇量之间存在着一定的相关性。其中计划、背景知识猜测、上下文等13项词汇学习策略与词汇量呈显著或极显著正相关。     

建立学习档案对语言学课程进行形成性评价的实验研究

教育界已经开始呼吁利用学习档案对学习和教学进行形成性评价,培养学生自主学习能力和反思能力。在这一背景下,本研究选定安徽科技学院英语专业某班学生为受试者,研究在他们学习语言学的过程中,学习档案对其产生的影响。结果表明:学生的自主学习和反思学习意识大大增强;学习档案有力地督促了学生坚持规划和实施学习。多数学生对学习档案持认可态度。发现的问题有:尽管学生自主学习和反思学习的意识增强了,但还未来得及彻底转化为有效行动。有些学生未能充分理解这一形成性评价工具的目的和作用,影响了学习档案的效果。     

边疆民族地区师专英语专业学生语言学习策略初探

语言教学中以“学生为中心”的课堂教学要求教师和语言指导更多地了解学生——语言学习的主体,在教学中,我们发现：同样在一个教室里听课、在同样的校园环境下学习,有的学生语言学习效果很好,而有的学生收效甚微。除了学生的先天语言能力以及英语基础外,语言学习策略的使用在很大程度上影响学生的学习效率和效果。本将对昆明师专外语专业学生的学习策略使用情况进行调查分析,为有针对性地对学生进行指导提出自己的看法。     

突破高等学校权力"两分"的思维模式--法权威的建构及其途径

在高校权力“两分”的思维模式下，无法建构学术权力和行政权力的协调模式。必须突破这一思维模式，融合两种来源不同、相互冲突的权力，使之统一于法权威和法的精神之下。因此，必须正确定位两种权力及其作用领域；必须形成高校、教师和学生之间良好的法律关系；必须建立法权威基础上的科学决策体制；必须建立权力运行过程中的程序规范。     

高校知识女性的道德困惑及道德自律

高校知识女性既承载着历史陋习的重负,同时又面临着多元时代所带来的道德价值取向的困惑。只有改变传统观念,突破习惯势力的束缚,在纷繁的世界中不断反思自我,完善的道德自律意识,才能在成就事业的同时成就自我。     

Literature Searching in Medical Education: Online Tutorial Development from Idea to Creation

The medical education literature is growing, and the result is not only greater knowledge, but an increasing complexity in locating quality evidence-based information. In 2008, eight librarians partnered with the Association of American Medical Colleges to research, conceptualize, and build an online module to develop medical educators’ search skills. Developing an online instructional module is a time-consuming, multi-stage process requiring the expertise of content, technical, and design specialists working in concert. Many lessons were learned, including the power of collaborative tools; the benefits of including specialists, such as graphic designers; the benefit of thoroughly surveying existing resources; and the importance of choosing technology wisely.     

高校卫生机构在改革中的定位

校内卫生机构的主要任务是预防保健和常见病的防治，此类以公益性为主的工作不能推向社会，更不能弱化。本就全国高校卫生机构的现状和改革带来的变化，探讨高校改革中卫生机构的定位。     

The ‘good’ parent in relation to early childhood literacy: symbolic terrain and lived practice

In this paper we consider the place of early childhood literacy in the discursive construction of the identity(ies) of ‘proper’ parents. Our analysis crosses between representations of parenting in texts produced by commercial and government/public institutional interests and the self‐representations of individual parents in interviews with the researchers. The argument is made that there are commonalities and disjunctures in represented and lived parenting identities as they relate to early literacy. In commercial texts that advertise educational and other products, parents are largely absent from representations and the parent's position is one of consumer on behalf of the child. In government‐sanctioned texts, parents are very much present and are positioned as both learners about and important facilitators of early learning when they ‘interact’ with their children around language and books. The problem for which both, in their different ways, offer a solution is the “not‐yet‐ready” child precipitated into the evaluative environment of school without the initial competence seen as necessary to avoid falling behind right from the start. Both kinds of producers promise a smooth induction of children into mainstream literacy and learning practices if the ‘good parent’ plays her/his part. Finally, we use two parent cases to illustrate how parents' lived practice involves multiple discursive practices and identities as they manage young children's literacy and learning in family contexts in which they also need to negotiate relations with their partners and with paid and domestic work.     

浅谈学生学习策略的培养

学习策略是学习为了学习和使用语言而运用智力和交际手段的过程，它能直接促进语言学习的具体行为，监控和管理语言学习的过程。发展和培养学习策略将有助于学生形成自主学习的能力，提高学习效率，有助于体现以人为本的教学理念。英语教学中特别应该渗透学生的学习策略的培养。