PUBLIC LIBRARIES AND NETWORKING:

Most of the literature on the participation of public libraries in cooperative activities deals with their expansion from local entities to multitype system. Within the framework of this evolution, topics of special interest have been: (1) appropriate units of senrice; (2) legal and political considerations; (3) stimulus of legislation; (4) role of states and state library agencies; (5) financial aspects; (6) human factors; and (7) automation in networking. The literature reviewed was vast but was deficient in comprehensive syntheses, in rigorous, large-scale evaluations of networking, and in studies focusing solely on public libraries.     

Further Validity Tests of the Grandchildren's Received Affection Scale

The purpose of this study was to further validate the newly developed Grandchildren's Received Affection Scale (GRAS). To that end, young adult grandchildren (N = 317) completed the GRAS, along with two previously established measures of affectionate communication and a social desirability scale. The results of a series of Pearson correlational analyses and an exploratory factor analysis provide support for the concurrent, construct, and divergent validity of the GRAS. Thus, the GRAS is an appropriate instrument to assess grandchildren's received affectionate communication from their grandparents.     

The Impact of Field Trips and Family Involvement on Mental Models of the Desert Environment

This study examined the mental models of the desert environment held by fourth‐ and seventh‐grade students in the USA and whether those mental models could be affected by: (1) classroom field trips to a desert riparian preserve, and (2) interaction with family members at the same preserve. Results generally indicated that students in this study were resolute in their models and that field trips did not impact the types of models students adhered to. Twenty‐three seventh‐grade students who self‐selected to participate in a Family Science Club with their parents did demonstrate a shift in their mental models and developed significantly more sophisticated models over time. A critical implication of the study is that unless transformation of mental models of the environment is an explicit goal of instruction, simple exposure to the environment (even within the context of life science instruction) will not transform understandings of how organisms within an environment act and interact interdependently.     

Remembering Howard Goldstein

Abstract

This article describes efforts to integrate vicarious trauma (VT) content into a fourth semester required course. Drawing on the literature of burnout, empathy, countertransference and VT, four pedagogical concepts are discussed: knowledge about trauma, personal attitudes and reactions, organizational awareness and spiritual renewal. Self-care is described to ameliorate the emotional and cognitive effects of VT.     

Teaching Trauma

Abstract

Teaching about psychological trauma presents many challenges for the instructor, including creating an atmosphere of safety and confidentiality in the classroom, as well as handling student reactions to traumatic material. This paper describes the author's experience in a case-work practice class session where the topic of trauma produced an unexpected disclosure by a student; student and instructor reaction to that disclosure; the integration of the material and reactions into the content of the class session; and follow-up in the next session of the class.     

Empowering Educators to Foster Student Resilience

Children across the world face various challenges as they develop. This is especially true for asylum seekers and immigrant youth who arrive in a host country traumatized by their past and current experiences. Since educators are ideally poised to foster protective factors among children, we call on teachers to aid in the construction of childhood fortitude by becoming aware of the individual characteristics of resilience and then making efforts to build it as they instruct and interact with students. To this end, this article provides teachers with a list of indicators of childhood resilience and provides several recommendations for how educators can boost positive development at school. The model outlined is easily incorporated into general and integration education instruction.     

Commitment Messages Communicated in Families of Origin: Contributions to Relationship Commitment Attitudes

Despite the wealth of research on relationship commitment, surprisingly little has examined the contributions communication in families of origin makes to perceptions of commitment. Data from a survey of 145 individuals revealed three types of individuals based on reports of commitment-related communication in families of origin: optimist, structural-optimist, and cautious. Results revealed that these three types of individuals differed on their beliefs, models, and expectations about commitment and romantic relationships. The study contributes to our understanding of the developmental origins of perceptions of commitment in relationships and the contributions communication in families of origin makes to those perceptions.     

哥特小说美国化之探析

美国哥特小说作为一种伴着国家历史进程而产生的文学类型,应被视为一种美利坚民族集体无意识的传统形式,甚至可以说哥特式文学的美国化特质决定了哥特式在美国已成为一种大的文学类型甚至元类型,因为它追溯了哥特中的暴力根源不是通过个人心理或宗教冲突,而是通过作为美利坚民族形成的初始框架中导向暴力的思考。由此,探究美国哥特小说中暴力导致的民族创伤显得异常重要。通过将哥特符码置于美国历史发展的场景中,这种场景也就成为美国被压抑的历史记忆的民族叙事。     

业余散打运动员的创伤流行病学研究

对重庆市52支业余散打队240名运动员进行了运动创伤的流行病学调查,发现业余散打运动员的常见病、多发病是下肢创伤性骨膜炎.分析讨论了创伤的发生及特点与运动专项有明显的关系,提出了一些预防和减少损伤的有效措施.