不要让我们对这个世界无话可说——李翊云与她的《像他这样的男人》

"创伤小说"作为一个载体承担着叙述个人精神创伤与这种创伤所带来的集体文化创伤的重任。而个人所起的作用就在于他把个人的创伤经历与集体的创伤经历联系到一起。在造成创伤的因素中,人祸大于天灾。李翊云想要通过她的作品唤醒人们对于集体文化创伤的反思与再认识,希望人们不要遗忘,也不要轻易选择立场,承担起应有的社会担当,不要再轻易地再去制造一起起人祸。     

《息·望·忆》中马汀之创伤记忆

艾薇菊·丹提卡是当代加勒比海美籍黑人女作家,其处女作《息·望·忆》是一部展现了海地女性的血与泪的创伤小说．本文从马汀所遭受的个人创伤和集体创伤两个方面展开论述．一方面,幼年甘蔗林的噩梦在她脑海里挥之不去,女儿的背叛再次将她推进痛苦的深渊;另一方面,杜瓦利艾政府的专制统治和父权文化压制着海地女人,而流亡在外的海地女性遭受着种族歧视．     

过度运动与肾脏

在过度运动的状态下,肾脏自由基代谢增强,肾小球基底膜和足细胞足突间裂孔隔膜(slit diaphragm,SD)的结构发生改变,通透性增加。裂孔隔膜的完整性是决定肾小球滤过屏障通透性的关键,已发现有多个足细胞相关分子参与了运动性蛋白尿的生成。阐述过度运动对肾脏损伤的影响,并探讨可能的分子机制与足细胞相关分子(Podocyte associatedmolecules)的关系。     

《宠儿》中记忆复现对心理创伤的修复

分析了托尼·莫里森《宠儿》中描述的奴隶制对塞丝等人造成的深重心理创伤,以及奴隶制对已获自由之身的黑人长期的精神贻害,认为拒绝回忆无益于反思现在和重建未来,而依据心理学创伤治疗的理论,有意识的修补记忆碎片,重现记忆全貌同“过去”和解则意味着希望与未来,有利于帮助已获自由之身的黑人释放被压抑的记忆,重构完整的人格和全新的自我。     

创伤视角下的《梅丽迪安》

艾丽丝·沃克的《梅丽迪安》揭示了在20世纪60年代,种族主义和性别主义带给人们的伤害。从创伤理论视角出发,聚焦小说中的两位女性人物,通过比较分析,探索小说中体现的个人创伤,集体创伤以及创伤的恢复。     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Transnational higher education in Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT

As marketisation, stratification and performance measurement besiege Higher Education, managing change becomes a critical leadership and administrative skill. Managing the student experience and organisational reputation take on renewed significance. Yet whilst much attention is paid to quality assurance and validation processes as Higher Education seeks to develop programmes that address stakeholder demands, little work has been done that looks at course closure. It is suggested that fresh perspectives drawn from change communications scholarship, can provide practical value to university leadership teams. In particular, by recognising course closure as a form of trauma, then universities might be better placed to communicate with and support students on closing courses.     

《他们眼望上苍》中的黑人群像

《他们眼望上苍》是赫斯顿的代表作品,自她被沃克发现并推崇为黑人女性主义的先声之后,批评界涌现出大量关于其作品的评论文章,但其中大部分都是从不同的视角来看主人公珍妮的女性主义意识.而对小说里的一个重要情节和群体分析甚少：伊顿维尔市的黑人群像.作者运用大量的篇幅来描述该城市的建立过程和该市民对此的反应,让读者发现其与南方重建这一历史事件的相似性;利用建城这一事件使市民们的黑人双重意识凸显出来,同时揭开了黑人族群的集体历史和文化记忆深处的那道伤疤.珍妮能意识到种族创伤并最终得以走出,实现了自我身份的建构.     

黑人女性精神创伤下的内心重建

艾丽斯·沃克对于当代美国文学的贡献,首先在于她能够为一直被忽视的美国黑人妇女代言,从而赋予了她们现身和立言的权利。她笔下的妇女,面对黑人社区背景下遭遇的种种压迫,用不同的方式进行反抗。而她们最终的命运历程体现的是黑人女性在精神创伤下的内心重建和她们在自我重建中走向生命完整的过程。     

Where are all the males? Gender-specific typologies of childhood adversity based on a large community sample

BackgroundMethodological issues have been identified when quantifying exposure to adversity and abuse. To address a single type may obscure covarying effects. To sum multiple exposures gives equal weight to each. Latent class analysis (LCA) addresses this by identifying homogenous subpopulations. Most studies using LCA have pooled gender data in spite of evidence that the nature and frequency of exposure differs by gender. Males report more interpersonal abuse, females report more of other exposures, particularly sexual.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify if stratifying data by gender resulted in different profiles of adversity/abuseParticipants and setting: The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) wave II, a large community-based survey, nationally representative of the US population.MethodThis study used 14 indicators of childhood adversity as the basis for LCA.ResultsThe number and nature of classes differed by gender. The best solution for females was 4-class: a low risk class; a class at higher risk of sexual abuse; a class at higher risk of physical abuse; a class at higher risk of combined physical and sexual abuse. The best solution for males had only 3-classes; a low risk class, a class at higher risk of sexual abuse; a class at higher risk of physical abuse. The combined dataset resulted in a solution similar to the female solution.ConclusionThe importance of developing models for males and females separately was evidenced by the male and female classes being differentially associated with mental health variables.     

The impact of a statewide trauma-informed child welfare initiative on children’s permanency and maltreatment outcomes

This article presents findings of a state-wide trauma informed child-welfare initiative with the goal of improving well-being, permanency and maltreatment outcomes for traumatized children. The Massachuetts Child Trauma Project (MCTP), funded by the Administration of Children and Families, Children’s Bureau was a multi-year project implementing trauma-informed care into child welfare service delivery. The project’s implementation design included training and consultation for mental health providers in three evidence-based treatments and training of the child-welfare workforce in trauma-informed case work practice. The learning was integrated between child-welfare and mental health with Trauma Informed Leadership Teams which included leaders from both systems and the greater community. These teams developed incremental steps toward trauma-informed system improvement. This study evaluated whether MCTP was associated with reductions in child abuse and neglect, improvements in placement stability, and higher rates of permanency during the first year of implementation. Children in the intervention group had fewer total substantiated reports of maltreatment, including less physical abuse and neglect than the comparison group by the end of the intervention year. However, children in the intervention group had more maltreatment reports (substantiated or not) and total out-of-home placements than did their counterparts in the comparison group. Assignment to MCTP, however, was not associated with an increase in kinship care or adoption. Overall, the results are promising in reinforcing the importance of mobilizing communities toward improvements in child-welfare service delivery.