运动心理创伤的理论探讨

根据广义心理创伤的定义,提出运动心理创伤的概念,将运动心理创伤划分为危及身体完整性的运动心理创伤和危及心理完整性的运动心理创伤两种粪型,并从理论上探讨运动心理创伤的形成和作用机制。     

代际差异视角下农民工土地流转意愿的影响因素分析——基于天津613份调查问卷的实证研究

基于2011年在津农民工的问卷调查数据,运用有序Probit模型,在代际差异的视角下,考察了相关因素对农民工土地流转意愿的影响。研究发现：对第一代农民工土地流转意愿产生较大影响的因素主要是年龄、受教育程度、有无专业培训经历或证书、农户家庭规模、家庭年龄结构、家庭劳力结构、农地流转的稳定性、流转地在养老保障中的作用、是否签订劳动合同、就业稳定性、单位性质及外出务工所利用的方式;对新生代农民工土地流转意愿产生较大影响的因素主要有性别、教育程度、有无专业培训经历或证书、农户家庭规模、家庭年龄结构、家庭劳力结构、是否签订劳动合同、单位性质及外出务工所利用的方式。在此基础上,得出相应的政策启示。     

“We must cooperate with one another against the Enemy”: Agency and activism in school-aged children as protective factors against ongoing war trauma and political violence in the Gaza Strip

This exploratory qualitative study investigated self-perceived risk and protection factors that may reinforce the ability of children living in refugee camps on the Gaza Strip to adjust to a traumatic and risky life context characterized by loss and dispossession. The sample comprised 200 Palestinian children recruited at primary schools in four refugee camps in the Gaza Strip following the Israeli military operation “Pillar of Defence” in 2012. Thematic content analysis was applied to written materials and narratives produced by the children. Environment, friends, emotions, family, play, self, sociality, health, school, and spirituality were the dimensions that emerged from the narrative texts. Palestinian children’s psychological adaptability and ability to reposition themselves along the continuum between ease and disease is underpinned by constant political agency and activism – a dimension that guides sense-making activities in a traumatizing environment marked by continuous uncertainty, loss and bereavement. We therefore recommend a politically-informed focus, both when assessing children and when designing intervention for them in contexts of chronic political violence and war.     

When the levees break: the cost of vicarious trauma,microaggressions and emotional labor for Black administrators and faculty engaging in race work at traditionally White institutions

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to offer insight to administrators and human resource professionals at Traditionally White Institutions (TWIs) about developing action plans that provide meaningful support to Black administrators and faculty who are coping with racial trauma. Operationalizing tenets of Critical Race Methodology (CRM), the counter-narratives presented here are drawn from 15 years of unpublished professional and personal communication created by an individual Black faculty and administrator. The lectures, conference presentations, commencement addresses and other ephemera trace the development of battlements and emotional battle scars over the early years of one scholar-activist’s career at TWIs. The calamitous aftermath of Hurricane Katrina is considered in this context both as metaphor and collective psychic wound. As such, it illuminates other instances of vicarious trauma, foreshadows the Movement for Black Lives, and provides a devastating illustration of administrative unpreparedness. Revealing the ramifications of racial trauma can serve to help others who suffer to feel less alone and can provide stakeholders in higher education with valuable knowledge for the sake not only of recruitment and retention, but institutional transformation.     

A factor analytic study of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form in an all-female South African sample with and without HIV infection

BackgroundThe Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is widely used around the world but no norms have been established for South African users of the CTQ. The CTQ has been employed in South Africa but not yet validated. The present study aims to address this gap. There is great need in both clinical and research settings for an assessment tool that adequately measures childhood trauma, a sensitive and challenging construct to measure.ObjectiveThis study explores the psychometric properties of the CTQ-SF in an all-female cohort living with and without HIV infection in South Africa, the first study of its kind in this population.Participants and settingThe CTQ-SF was administered to 314 women (170 HIV uninfected; 144 HIV infected) in Cape Town, South Africa.MethodInternal consistency of the CTQ-SF was determined by Cronbach alpha coefficients. Using Lisrel, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed, followed by an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to explore an alternative factor structure model in this cohort.ResultsFor the group as a whole, the model fit was acceptable but not good. However, for the sub-sample of women living with HIV, the CFA revealed poor model fit. The EFA revealed a three-factor model, with mostly stable factor loadings for four of the five subscales. However, the Physical Neglect (PN) subscale cross loaded on two of the three factors.ConclusionOur findings revealed an alternative factor structure from the original model in this study cohort. The PN subscale does not have stable factor loadings and is not homogenous. The original instrument may therefore benefit from revision for use in this population. Measures such as the CTQ can be informative for preventative strategies in HIV-infected or at-risk youth and for clinical interventions aimed at mitigating the negative psychological sequelae of childhood maltreatment.     

补充磷脂对大鼠腓肠肌钝挫伤收缩力、松弛特性及自由基清除的影响

为了研究补充磷脂对大鼠腓肠肌钝挫伤恢复效果,采用重物下落装置建立急性骨骼肌钝挫伤模型,并于损伤后补充磷脂,检测补充磷脂对损伤肌肉的收缩力及松弛特性、自由基清除等的影响。结果发现,大鼠腓肠肌在受到钝挫伤后的第10天及第17天的收缩力,补充磷脂组收缩应力显著高于自然愈合组;损伤后第10天,补充磷脂能使应力松弛恢复接近正常肌肉水平,而自然愈合组仍显著性高于对照组;损伤后第2-10天,补充磷脂能显著提高腓肠肌超氧化物歧化酶活性,同时显著降低腓肠肌中丙二醛的含量。因此,补充磷脂能明显改善大鼠急性骨骼肌钝挫伤后的收缩力和恢复应力衰减,提高骨骼肌中超氧化物歧化酶活性,降低腓肠肌中丙二醛含量,更好地促进自由基的清除,促进损伤肌肉修复。     

Attachment insecurity mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorder psychopathology in a clinical sample: A structural equation model

Objectives

Childhood maltreatment occurs often among those with an eating disorder and is considered a nonspecific risk factor. However, the mechanisms by which childhood maltreatment may lead to an eating disorder are not well understood. The current study tests a model in which attachment insecurity is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and eating disorder psychopathology.

Method

Treatment seeking adults with eating disorders (N = 308) completed questionnaires about childhood maltreatment, eating disorder psychopathology, and adult attachment.

Results

Structural equation models indicated that childhood trauma had a direct effect on eating disorder symptoms. Also, attachment anxiety and avoidance each equally mediated the childhood maltreatment to eating disorder psychopathology relationship.

Conclusions

Attachment insecurity, characterized by affect dysregulation and interpersonal sensitivities may help to explain why eating disorder symptoms may be one consequence of childhood maltreatment in a clinical sample. Clinicians treating primarily those with trauma might assess for disordered eating as a potential manifestation of the sequelae of trauma and attachment insecurity.     

Wounded Healers: Graduate Students with Histories of Trauma in a Family Violence Course

Social work students are witness to a variety of challenges from course content through scenarios, videos, role-plays, and field practice. Students may be vulnerable to experiencing vicarious traumatization from this exposure. Some students, however, may have personal histories of trauma and may therefore experience posttraumatic stress reactions due to triggering of past trauma through course content. This case study examines feedback from three graduate students from a family violence class who self-identified that they had personal histories of trauma from family violence. Their feedback can be beneficial to instructors in managing students' reactions that might be triggered from course content.     

Practicing What We Teach: Trauma-Informed Educational Practice

This article presents the starting case for applying the elements of trauma-informed care (TIC) to education and outlines the authors’ initial efforts to develop guidelines for what they call trauma-informed educational practice. To this end, the article starts with a literature review related to the potential for vicarious traumatization and retraumatization among students in clinical training, followed by a discussion of the TIC framework and past efforts to be trauma sensitive in social work education. The authors then describe what drew them to this perspective and inspired them to apply it to educational practice. They then present guidelines for implementing the trauma-informed principle of safety in the classroom in several domains.     

Recordando el maltrato entre iguales en la escuela: consecuencias e influencia en la actuación del profesorado

Resumen

Se presentan dos estudios retrospectivos acerca del maltrato entre escolares, con muestras de estudiantes universitarios y profesores/as de primaria y secundaria, a quienes se les administraron cuestionarios acerca de la victimización experimentada en sus años escolares y acerca de algunas características de su vida actual. El objetivo era estudiar las posibles consecuencias de maltrato entre escolares. En un primer estudio se trató principalmente de establecer la relación entre las experiencias de victimización en primaria y secundaria con la autoestima actual y el grado de trauma. Entre otros resultados, se encontró que el haber vivido experiencias de victimización en la escuela está relacionado con niveles más bajos de autoestima en la edad adulta, tanto en hombres como en mujeres. En el segundo estudio se observó la relación entre la victimización vivida en el pasado por el profesorado estudiado y las actuaciones que llevan a cabo ante situaciones actuales de abuso entre sus alumnos/as. Se incluyen algunos comentarios relacionando los datos con los del Informe del Defensor del Pueblo (2000) relativos a docents.