Potential impact of the validated Predicting Abusive Head Trauma (PredAHT) clinical prediction tool: A clinical vignette study

BackgroundThe validated Predicting Abusive Head Trauma (PredAHT) tool estimates the probability of abusive head trauma (AHT) in children <3 years old with intracranial injury.ObjectiveTo explore the impact of PredAHT on clinicians’ AHT probability estimates and child protection (CP) actions, and assess inter-rater agreement between their estimates and between their CP actions, before and after PredAHT.Participants and SettingTwenty-nine clinicians from different specialties, at teaching and community hospitals.MethodsClinicians estimated the probability of AHT and indicated their CP actions in six clinical vignettes. One vignette described a child with AHT, another described a child with non-AHT, and four represented “gray” cases, where the diagnosis was uncertain. Clinicians calculated the PredAHT score, and reported whether this altered their estimate/actions. The ‘think-aloud’ method was used to capture the reasoning behind their responses. Analysis included linear modelling, linear mixed-effects modelling, chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, intraclass correlation, Gwet’s AC₁ coefficient and thematic analysis.ResultsOverall, PredAHT significantly influenced clinicians’ probability estimates in all vignettes (p < 0.001), although the impact on individual clinicians varied. However, the influence of PredAHT on clinicians’ CP actions was limited; after using PredAHT, 9/29 clinicians changed their CP actions in only 11/174 instances. Clinicians’ AHT probability estimates and CP actions varied somewhat both before and after PredAHT. Qualitative data suggested that PredAHT may increase clinicians’ confidence in their decisions when considered alongside other associated clinical, historical and social factors.ConclusionsPredAHT significantly influenced clinicians’ AHT probability estimates, but had minimal impact on their CP actions.     

College Students’ Relationship Between Trauma and Disordered Eating

Among college students, a correlation exists between trauma exposure and eating disorders. Although disordered eating behaviors are more prevalent than eating disorders, the relationship between different types of trauma exposure and disordered eating is unknown. The current study explored this relationship. One hundred two participants completed questionnaires on disordered eating and trauma exposure. Results showed that (a) sexual abuse was a significant predictor of concerns regarding food and weight gain (p < .05) and (b) other form of trauma (e.g., natural disaster) was a significant predictor of difficulties in individuals’ relationship with food (p < .05). Clinical implications, especially those related to trauma assessment and disordered eating behaviors, are discussed. The importance of examining the impact of nonsexual trauma is described, and the clinical utility of breaking eating pathology down into specific abnormal attitudes and behaviors is highlighted.     

“Youth Elements”in Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises

The Sun Also Rises is one of the famous works of Ernest Hemingway. It reflects strong youth elements. The heroes and heroines are all young persons, and in this novel Hemingway describes the sufferin...     

Take Two Pills and Call Me in December

Students utilize university counseling center services to address distress related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since counseling centers services such as group work or general psychotherapy may not address specific PTSD-symptom reduction, centers often give community referrals in such cases. Evidence-based therapies (EBTs), including Prolonged Exposure Therapy, have the potential to be offered within counseling center services, however. Prolonged exposure consistently provides significant symptom relief to patients with the most severe PTSD symptoms within 10–12 sessions. This article presents and examines two case examples of students who participated in a full prolonged exposure protocol within a counseling center clinic.     

Trauma,Meaning Making,and Loneliness in College Students

ABSTRACT

The present study (N = 621) explored relationships between meaning making (i.e., meaning presence and meaning search) and loneliness in college students who have experienced trauma. In addition, the study examined group differences in meaning variables and loneliness, comparing college students who have and have not experienced trauma. The results suggest that loneliness and meaning search are more present in college students who have experienced trauma. Further, meaning presence and meaning search both predict experiences of loneliness within this sample.     

Construct validity of the childbirth trauma index for adolescents

The potentially traumatic nature of childbirth for adult mothers has been confirmed in research; however, adolescent childbirth trauma is unexplored. This article presents research on the construct validity of the Childbirth Trauma Index by providing a conceptual analysis of psychological childbirth trauma, factor validity of the Childbirth Trauma Index, and discussion of testing the Childbirth Trauma Index via contrasted-groups approach. Childbirth trauma can result in an acute stress reaction or actual posttraumatic stress disorder. Using subjective reports, the Impact of Event Scale, and the Childbirth Trauma Index, an appraisal of birth trauma, trauma impact, and indicators associated with childbirth trauma were revealed among 112 adolescents. Clinical implications and research recommendations are offered.     

小说《耻》中的创伤与生存解读

南非的种族隔离历史不仅给被殖民者带来了创伤,也给殖民者留下了难以泯灭的创伤。文章通过分析库切小说《耻》中主要人物的创伤性经历,比较他们所表现的创伤性症状,来解读处在南非后种族隔离时期的黑人和白人其身份如何发生置换,以及面临生存困境的白人有无创伤复原的可能性。     

Are we teaching trauma?

Covering violence is an expected part of the daily job for many journalists in the United States; however, are college and university programs fully preparing students for what they may experience? This study surveyed accredited journalism schools in the United States. Of the 41 respondent schools, only one offered a course specifically aimed at teaching journalists how to protect themselves from psychological trauma and how best to interact with victims of trauma. Results show that although schools believe the topic of trauma is important and worth teaching to future journalists, the approach to the topic is mostly reactive and inconsistent. Implications for the future of journalism education are discussed.     

Traumatic encounters with Frank Mechau's Dangers of the Mail

This essay examines Frank Mechau's infamous mural Dangers of the Mail as an opportunity to theorize the force of memories contingent upon immediate sensual encounters that operate largely irrespective of actual historical occurrences. Through an analysis of public documents, archival material from the 1930s and early 2000s, and two separate tours of the William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building in 2015 and 2016, we argue Mechau's Dangers of the Mail triggers a form of traumatic sense memory that positions audiences within a trauma economy in which sensation functions as epistemological grounding for political struggle.