Physical health of today's school children

The health habits of today's children will largely determine their subsequent health as adults of the twenty-first century. Smoking, inactivity, poor dietary practices, drug and alcohol abuse, and other deleterious habits may develop early, yet exert lifelong influences. This paper contains a review of (a) statistics and research on major health status indicators in school-aged children, (b) behaviors that contribute to disease risk, and (c) school-based interventions designed to change risk behaviors and enhance wellness. Activities that can be initiated by classroom teachers are emphasized in the concluding section of the paper. Through early intervention, enhanced longevity and quality of life may be accomplished.     

Making sense of graphs: does metacognitive instruction make a difference on students' mathematical conceptions and alternative conceptions?

The present study investigates the differential effects of cooperative learning with or without metacognitive instruction on making sense of graphs. Participants were 196 eighth-graders who studied in six classrooms. Data were analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative methods. Results indicated that students who were exposed to the metacognitive instruction within cooperative learning (COOP + META) significantly outperformed their counterparts who were exposed to cooperative learning with no metacognitive instruction (COOP). The positive effects of COOP + META were observed on both graph interpretation and graph construction (transfer task) with regard to alternative conceptions. Furthermore, observations indicated differential characteristics of discourse behaviors during small group interaction under these methods. The practical implications of the study are discussed.     

中国股票市场中机构投资者与个人投资者的投资行为分析

个人投资者和机构投资者是证券市场上的两类重要的参与者,研究我国股票市场中机构投资者和个人投资者的投资行为对于指导我国股票市场的健康发展具有重要的意义。本文分析我国股票市场中机构投资者和个人投资者的行为特点、操作规律,介绍我国股票市场中的机构投资者常用的操纵股价方法和投资手法、投资策略,为更好地了解我国股票市场的内在规律提供可靠依据。     

Content Familiarity: Differential Impact of Effective Teaching on Student Achievement Outcomes

Improving the quality of higher education for all students requires researchers to focus on factors that potentially influence learning. Of particular interest are student entry characteristics and effective teaching behaviors. Accordingly, structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships between student differences, prior experience with the subject material, past performances, teaching behaviors, and perceived learning and achievement. A theoretical model containing 8 variables was formulated and tested on students who were either experienced or inexperienced with the course material. The data were gathered at a large midwestern university fitting the Carnegie classification as a research institution. Overall, student achievement is affected by test anxiety and high school GPA. Prior experience with the course content revealed that content-unfamiliar students' perception of learning is more positively influenced by instructor organization than by instructor expressiveness, whereas for content-familiar students, expressiveness is much more influential than organization. Additionally, content-unfamiliar students are more sensitive to both teaching behaviors than content-familiar students. These findings have important implications for administrators, instructors, and researchers.     

人文视野下的大学生暴力行为控制

大学生暴力行为凸显其人文精神的缺失,在社会控制中实施人文关怀有利于大学生人文精神重塑,从根本上预防、控制暴力。     

Linkage between teen mother’s childhood adversity and externalizing behaviors in their children at age 11: Three aspects of parenting

Background: Experiences of childhood adversity are consistently associated with compromised behavioral health later in life. Less clear is the intergenerational influence of maternal childhood adversity on developmental outcome in children. Completely unknown are the mechanisms linking teen mother’s childhood adversity to child developmental outcomes.Objective: The present study tested whether aspects of parenting (parenting stress, physical discipline, and disagreement with grandparents) served as the pathways between teen mother’s childhood adversity and the externalizing behaviors of their offspring at age 11, by gender.Participants and setting: Data were from a longitudinal panel study of teen mothers and their children, the Young Women and Child Development Study (N = 495; 57% male).Methods: The pathways from teen mother’s childhood adversity to their offspring’s externalizing behavior were tested by two subscales: rule-breaking behavior and aggressive behavior. In addition, multiple-group analysis was examined for potential gender differences.Results: Teen mother’s childhood adversity was positively associated with greater use of parenting stress (β = 0.16, p < .01) and physical discipline (β=0.11, p < .05). In addition, parenting stress, physical discipline, and disagreement with grandparent were all associated with increased rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors in children. Multiple group analysis revealed that the path between physical discipline and externalizing behavior differed by gender, with the path only significant for girls.Conclusions: These findings have implications for early intervention efforts that emphasize the need to intervene with children and parents, particularly helping teen mothers gain knowledge and skills to offset the impact of their experiences of childhood adversity on their parenting behaviors.     

Trajectories of psychological dating violence perpetration in adolescence

BackgroundMore than one adolescent out of three will use psychological dating violence (DV) as a strategy to resolve conflict in romantic relationships, which will have major consequences on their partner’s well-being. However, over time, most adolescents will learn skills to better interact and face conflicts, suggesting that psychological DV rates should decrease over time. Yet, because of individual characteristics and experiences, evolution over time may differ across adolescents. Risk factors for psychological DV have not been examined specifically, even though it is the most common form of dating violence.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore latent trajectories of psychological DV perpetration and examine risk factors predicting trajectory group membership.Participants and methodsA sub-sample of 449 adolescents who reported being in a dating relationship for the three waves of the Youths’ Romantic Relationships (YRR) Survey completed printed and online self-report questionnaires.ResultsResults from the group-based modeling identified 4 trajectories of psychological DV perpetration: absence of violence (30.7%), low violence (61.3%), high descending (4.2%), and moderate elevating (3.8%). Age, DV victimization, exposure to father toward mother violence, low self-esteem, marijuana use, DV victimization of peers, and antisocial behaviors of peers predicted trajectory membership. The model explained 36.7% of the variance.ConclusionsThese results support the need for a person-oriented approach to study psychological DV and for developing prevention programs adapted to the specific characteristics of vulnerable youth.     

对苯二酚在玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其动力学研究

研究了对苯二酚（HQ）在玻碳电极上于磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）中的电化学行为及其电化学动力学性质。结果表明：HQ在该电极上有一对可逆的氧化还原峰,峰电流与扫描速度的平方根（v1/2）呈良好的线性关系。这说明HQ在该电极上的伏安行为是一受扩散控制的可逆电化学过程。在pH为6.08的PBS缓冲液中氧化峰电流与HQ的浓度在5.0×10^-6-2.5×10^-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,Ipa（μA）=-1.444-0.077 8 c（μmol/L）,相关系数r=0.996 5,检测限为4.75×10^-6 mol/L。同时利用电化学方法确定了该电极反应过程是双电子转移,并测得传递系数α为0.626,扩散系数D为7.4×10-7 cm^2/s,电极反应速率常数kf为6.8×10^-4 cm/s。     

浅谈教师在政治课堂中影响教学效果的几种不良习惯

课堂教学有效性问题的探讨仍在持续。许多专家、教师从不同的角度进行了研究探讨。本文着重从教师自身的角度进行反思和总结,以期对课堂教学有效性的探讨有所启发。