天麻及其种质资源研究进展

“生动植物资源不仅具有直接的经济价值,其丰富的基因资源开发的潜力更是难以估量,已成为国际上争夺的焦点。建立濒危野生动植物基因资源库,通分子生物学手段对这些珍稀资源进行立体的保护是现在国际上通行的方法。天麻(Gastrodia elata Blume)作为一种名贵中药材,有着多种生物活性作用。本文从核心种质库的概念、天麻的化学成分和生物活性作用及天麻的遗传多样性几个方面分析了建立天麻核心种质库的重要性、必要性和可行性,为实现天麻基因资源的立体永久保存和利用提供参考。     

Relationship between peak oxygen uptake and regional body composition in Japanese subjects

PurposeTo investigate the link between peak oxygen uptake and regional body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in Japanese subjects.MethodsA total of 93 men (42.2 ± 12.3 years old) and 106 women (43.5 ± 12.3 years old) were enrolled in this cross-sectional investigation study. Peak oxygen uptake was measured by the breath-by-breath method. Regional body composition i.e., body fat mass, lean body mass, and body fat percentage was evaluated using DEXA. In addition, metabolic risk parameters were also evaluated.ResultsPeak oxygen uptake was 37.6 ± 8.7 mL/kg/min in men and 31.1 ± 6.4 mL/kg/min in women, and decreased with age in both genders. Peak oxygen uptake was significantly correlated with total body fat percentage (men: r = −0.684, p < 0.0001; women: r = −0.681, p < 0.0001). These associations remained even after adjusting for age and total lean body mass. However, peak work rate was positively and significantly correlated with leg lean body mass.ConclusionPeak oxygen uptake was closely correlated with total body fat percentage in both genders. Aerobic exercise as well as leg resistance training might be useful for improving peak oxygen uptake in Japanese subjects.     

培养小学高年级学生作文修改能力的尝试

在实施素质教育的今天,培养学生的自学能力非常重要。小学高年级的学生,已经具备修改作文的能力,教会学生修改作文的方法,培养学生修改作文的能力,会使学生的写作更上一层楼。     

酒店中庭室内环境设计研究

中庭空间作为现代酒店建筑普遍采取的空间形式,能够增强酒店气势、美化酒店自然风光、提高酒店的价值。本课题对酒店建筑的精华——“中庭空间”的营造进行研究。论文首先对中庭的概念和发展历程进行简要的介绍,随后通过对酒店消费群体的消费心理的感知调研后进行分析,最后归纳总结对酒店中庭空间景观设计的方法和原则。     

Tissue mass ratios and the reporting of distal lower extremity injuries in varsity athletes at a Canadian University

Abstract

The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to determine the relative role of the distal lower extremity tissue masses of varsity athletes in predicting distal lower extremity injury sustained during a competitive season. One hundred male and female varsity athletes (basketball, volleyball, soccer, cross country) completed a questionnaire on general health, physiological, and psychosocial variables, during each sport's respective training camp. A series of anthropometric measurements were used as inputs to distal lower extremity tissue mass prediction equations to calculate lean mass, fat mass, bone mineral content and wobbling mass (lean mass + fat mass) and tissue mass ratios. Athletes were monitored throughout their respective seasons and were instructed to report any distal lower extremity injuries to a certified athletic therapist who was responsible for assessing and confirming the reports. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine which variables significantly predicted distal lower extremity injury. Mean leg fat mass:bone mass (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.0 – 2.5), and competition surface (rubber OR = 8.5, CI = 1.5 – 47.7; artificial turf OR = 4.0, CI = 0.77 – 22.9) were identified as significant predictors of injury. Overall, tibia bone injuries were significantly associated with the ratio of fat mass:bone mineral content and the surface on which the athletes compete.     

Growth and body composition in Brazilian female rhythmic gymnastics athletes

Abstract

The aim was to analyse the physical growth and body composition of rhythmic gymnastics athletes relative to their level of somatic maturation. This was a cross-sectional study of 136 athletes on 23 teams from Brazil. Mass, standing height and sitting height were measured. Fat-free and fat masses, body fat percentages and ages of the predicted peak height velocity (PHV) were calculated. The z scores for mass were negative during all ages according to both WHO and Brazilian references, and that for standing height were also negative for all ages according to WHO reference but only until 12 years old according to Brazilian reference. The mean age of the predicted PHV was 12.1 years. The mean mass, standing and sitting heights, body fat percentage, fat-free mass and fat mass increased significantly until 4 to 5 years after the age of the PHV. Menarche was reached in only 26% of these athletes and mean age was 13.2 years. The mass was below the national reference standards, and the standing height was below only for the international reference, but they also had late recovery of mass and standing height during puberty. In conclusion, these athletes had a potential to gain mass and standing height several years after PHV, indicating late maturation.     

Sedentary behaviour and adiposity in elite athletes

Abstract

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a health risk. Even in athletes an increased adiposity affects health and performance. Sedentary behaviour has been associated with higher levels of adiposity, independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. However, it is unclear whether this independent relationship still exists in highly trained athletes. The aim of this study was to examine the association of sedentary behaviour with body fatness in elite athletes. Cross-sectional data from 82 male athletes (mean age 22 years) were used. Total and regional body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Self-reported time spent in sedentary behaviour and weekly training time was assessed in all participants at one time point and multiple regression analyses were used. Sedentary behaviour predicted total fat mass (β = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.36–1.19, P < 0.001) and trunk fat mass (β = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07–0.43, P = 0.007), independent of age, weekly training time, and residual mass (calculated as weight-dependent variable) but not abdominal fat. Also, no associations of sedentary behaviour with fat-free mass, appendicular lean soft tissue, and body mass index were found. These findings indicate that athletes with higher amounts of sedentary behaviour presented higher levels of total and trunk fatness, regardless of age, weekly training time, and residual mass. Therefore, even high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels do not mitigate the associations between sedentary behaviour and body fatness in highly trained athletes.     

阶段性训练对游泳运动员无氧工作能力及身体成分的影响

本文通过对8名游泳运动员在赛前阶段性训练中,采用wingate-30秒全力骑车实验方法,利用生物电阻抗法进行体成分测试,研究阶段性训练对游泳运动员无氧工作能力及身体成分的影响。研究结果与结论:此次阶段性训练计划实施得当;通过阶段性训练,运动员去脂肪体重有升高趋势,脂肪量有下降趋势;通过研究发现,关注运动员去脂体重、脂肪量等指标的变化趋势,能更客观地评价运动员的身体成分变化情况及对运动能力的初判。     

我国优秀大学生女篮运动员身体成分及VO2max状况分析

为了解我国优秀大学生女子篮球运动员身体成分以及最大摄氧量的状况,运用测试法、实验法、对比分析法,数理统计法对我国优秀女子篮球队30名队员身体不同部位的体成分指标和最大摄氧量进行了测试,并和国内外不同相关群体的指标进行了对比分析。主要结论：体成分方面,我国大学高水平女篮运动员的大部分指标都明显优于普通大学生,且平均数要优于日本2005年的全国高中女篮冠军球队。最大摄氧量的绝对值为：4.51±0.46（ml/kg/min）;相对值为：54.4±6.07（ml/kg/min）;绝对值低于前法国国家队、2005年日本全国高中冠军女篮运动员和2006年日本全国女篮联赛的优秀运动员。     

特殊构成作者单位的标注方法建议

科技期刊论文作者单位的标注方法尚无统一规范。随着科研合作的加强,作者单位呈现复杂化趋势。本文探讨并列单位、不同单位、同一单位但不同科室、混杂情况等几种特殊构成的作者单位的标注方法。