从象似性原则看X BE X结构——数量原则和标记原则

象似性与任意性之争由来已久,任意性强调符号与意义之间的关系是任意的、无根据可寻的,但是象似性却指出符号与意义之间有理据可依。文章结合象似性原则分析同义反复句——X BE X结构,指出该结构的语义理解是有理据可依的,如数量象似性和标记象似性。     

Differential item functioning of the Acculturation,Habits, and Interests Multicultural Scale for Adolescents (AHIMSA) by race/ethnicity

BackgroundAcculturation is a complex multidimensional construct that plays an important role in various outcomes across many domains (e.g., psychological, behavioral, social, and developmental). While there are many acculturation measures for specific racial/ethnic groups, few multigroup measures exists. Even fewer have been psychometrically evaluated for differential item functioning (DIF; e.g., measurement invariance). This is a critical step in determining whether item properties are equivalent across groups and thus, whether scores obtained from different groups are in fact comparable.MethodsThe Acculturation, Habits, and Interests, Multicultural Scale for Adolescents (AHIMSA) was completed by first and second generation participants identifying as White, Hispanic, or Asian (n = 1399). The scale can be used to compute scores on four acculturation orientation subscales: Assimilated, Separated, Integrated, and Marginalized. Racial/ethnic DIF was evaluated for the Assimilation, Integration, and Separation subscales.ResultsAnalyses revealed racial/ethnic DIF was present for two items on the Separation scale based on McFadden’s pseudo R². No DIF was identified for the Assimilation and Integration scales. Supplemental analyses revealed no evidence of longitudinal DIF or by generation status and some DIF by sex for Assimilation and Integration. Based on evaluation of test characteristic curves and DIF plots, it was determined that DIF was trivial and could likely be ignored.ConclusionsPsychometric properties were generally equivalent across the three racial/ethnic groups for each of the subscales evaluated. This indicates that scores obtained from each subscale could be compared across racial/ethnic groups. By establishing cross-group usability of the scale, racial/ethnic differences in acculturation orientation can be examined, and, more importantly, used in the context of research on related mental, physical, and behavioral health outcomes.     

第11届健美操世锦赛男单项目难度动作编排对比分析

对第11届健美操世界锦标赛男单项目难度动作编排的对比分析表明：1）与国外优秀选手相比,我国选手的难度动作编排分值有一定竞争力,但难度动作的完成质量不好;2）我国选手难度动作组别的编排分配欠均衡;3）我国选手在难度动的作时间编排上比较合理。今后要加强运动员的竞技素质训练,提高动作的完成质量,并适当增加A、B组的难度动作,提高难度动作编排的合理性,增强我国竞技健美操男单选手的竞争力。