The ‘East Asian’ Olympic Games: what of sustainable legacies?

Sport has proven to be an unstoppable globalising force. The Olympic Movement has come to epitomise modernisation and the extent to which Western sport has become globalised. The philosophy of Olympism, once resting upon just two pillars of Excellence in Sport and Culture has since 1994 been underpinned by a third, the Environment. All of the Olympic Games host cities now have to support a responsible concern for environmental issues and with that the very sustainability of ‘our’ culture, and sport itself. They must do so by bequeathing a holistic positive legacy from their Games. This paper will analyse the three ‘Asian’ Olympic Summer Olympic Games – Tokyo 1964, Seoul 1988 and Beijing 2008 – by looking at the cultural, sporting and environmental legacies each has left.

The discussion of the concept of sustainability as an element of culture will embrace Littig and Griessler’s idea that social sustainability is about the quality of societies expressed through the nature-society relationships and is not merely an economically based notion.1 ?1.?Littig & Griessler, ‘Social Sustainability’, 72. In this paper we consider the three Asian Summer Olympic Games. Each has been related to a specific nodal point in the host country's national history, as a means of illustrating, indeed emphasising, the always unique impacts of context on event and process. Yet we propose that, locked as they are in distinct epochs and differing cultural, political and economic contexts, they are nonetheless marked in common by an Asian discourse heavily reliant upon economic and nationalistic motivations.

The progressive analysis of each Games demonstrates that although each was unique, particularly in regards to the expectations stakeholders had of ‘their Olympics’, all three host nations represented themselves as ‘modern hybrids’ by simultaneously demonstrating their modernised characters and emphasising their ancient cultures. The analysis demonstrates the holistic impact of these events by reference to the wide range of economic, social, cultural and sporting changes that have emerged for each host from each festival. The evaluation of the nature and significance of these legacies reemphasises the impact of the Olympic Games as a vehicle for social change and illustrates the transformative power of sport at national and global levels.     

Securing the Sports ‘Miracle’: The Stasi and East German Elite Sport

Given the political and social importance of East Germany's elite sports system, the Ministry of State Security (Stasi) constructed a comprehensive and invasive system of surveillance to protect the clandestine state doping programme, to prevent flight to the West by sportspeople, to ensure the smooth running of sports events, and in general to help maintain the country's status as a sporting superpower. While the Stasi enjoyed much success in its mission, thanks in no small part to the deployment of several thousand informers, its authority and capabilities were constrained by the magnitude of its many other security operations, the autonomous actions of sports fans and performers, the defection of high-profile individuals, and internecine rivalries between major sport-political and bureaucratic organisations such as the DTSB and the Dynamo Sports Associations. The collapse of the East German communist system and the declassification of state and Party materials opened up both the top-performance sports system and the Stasi to critical enquiry, triggered bitter disputes over the appropriateness of the judicial, moral and political reckoning with East Germany's sporting legacy, and highlighted the convergent paths of elite sport across the Iron Curtain.     

从市场化支持率与民主满意度看苏东转轨

20世纪90年代初,在前苏联阵营掀起一股规模浩大的市场化和民主改革,从苏东各国的转轨历程可以发现:民众对市场化改革的支持率与对民主发展的满意度具有一定相关性;但由于各国转轨模式以及社会经济基础的不同,当改革带来诸多社会经济问题时,各国民众的市场化支持率和民主满意度表现出不同的变化趋势,那些民众依然高度支持市场化改革的国家市场化改革取得了更好的成效,而民主的满意度更多地反映出民众对政权绩效的评估,而非对体制的评价。我国的转型发展必须考虑经济改革与民主发展的相互影响,正确处理好改革与稳定的关系。     

试析东西部大学生文化价值观的现状

大学生文化价值观的研究越来越受到学术界的关注。文化的核心体系在不同的区域内存在着不同的具有稳定的、客观的、外在的、强制的文化传统,而生活在不同的文化氛围之内,就可能造就具有不同价值观的人。基于这种认识,运用社会学方法对东西部大学生最基本的文化价值观进行调查研究,了解其现状对教育大学生树立正确的人生观,具有非常重要的现实意义。     

《歧路灯》中原语词考释

小说《歧路灯》使用了大量富有河南地方色彩的口语词,这不仅增强了小说的生动性,同时也给研究中州语言文化提供了宝贵资料。有些许语词,外地和一般读者恐不易晓悟,书注和辞书释义不及,文章选取若干,略加考释,为阅览一助。     

Language development in Down's Syndrome retardates: A factorial study

One hundred and one Down's Syndrome retardates were given a battery of language and cognitive tests. The resulting intercorrelations were factor analyzed using Principal Components, Varimax Rotation, and Promax procedures. Chronological age was included as one of the variables in the analysis. The resultant factors are described and discussed.     

略论浙东文化数据库建设

论文分析了建设浙东文化数据库的意义与目的，指出宁波大学图书馆建设浙东文化数据库的必然性和重要性，并且详细解析了浙东文化数据库的建设过程及收录数据的原则、要求等，最后对该数据库进行了分析评价。     

匹兹堡大学东亚图书馆的文献传递服务的调查分析

本文利用较为详实的统计数据,介绍了匹兹堡大学东亚图书馆开展的文献传递的国际合作业务,并论述了匹兹堡大学东亚图书馆文献传递的几个特点:服务成本低,传递速度快,实现了文献资源的国际共享。     

The effect of a planned intercultural experience on the attitudes and behavior of the participants

This study examines changes in a group of Australian student teachers and staff members who participated in a relatively short but planned educational visit to Israel. The touring group and a control group completed questionnaires before and after the tour, including semantic differential scales on concepts relevant to Israel and Australia. As a result of the tour, the participants adopted some changes in behavior and became aware of their own culture; they became more tolerant towards other peoples and cultures and developed a stronger opinion that travel is a broadening experience.     

“中庸”健身观刍议

中庸思想对健身活动具有重要的指导意义,人们在健身活动中应努力实践中庸所提倡的“中道而立”、“和而不同”、“中和而知权”等思想。