铜胁迫对小麦幼苗生长和抗氧化系统的影响

以小麦种子为材料,通过液体培养实验探究铜对小麦幼苗生长和抗氧化系统的响应,揭示小麦幼苗对铜胁迫的生理抗性机制。结果表明,低浓度铜对小麦幼苗生长具有一定的促进作用,随着铜浓度的进一步增大和培养时间的延长,小麦幼苗的生长量明显减少,根和叶片中的膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和脯氨酸（Pro）的含量均明显升高,与对照相比达到5％或1％的差异显著性水平,这些活性物质在根和叶中的变化趋势基本一致,其含量除POD在根中分布大于叶中外,其余均表现为在叶中的分布大于在根中的分布。在过量Cu2＋引起胁迫的过程中,抗氧化系统各成分通过相互协同配合,对铜胁迫进行有效的抵御,对自身进行严密的保护。     

运动性骨骼肌损伤时的某些组织学、生化学及力学变化

运动性骨骼肌损伤是:体育运动中非常普遍的现象,在出现肌肉延迟性疼痛的同时,伴有肌组织结构和功能及血液生化成分的改变,表现为细胞肿胀、肌力下降、血中肌肉酶活性升高等等。研究发现肌组织的这种结构与功能的变化是暂时的,它可随运动员对某一运动形式,负荷的适应而逐渐消失。运动性骨骼肌损伤的诱发机理并不十分明了,目前认为很可能与肌组织的机械应激有关。     

连续大强度比赛对女子曲棍球运动员脑内神经递质的影响

目的:分析全运会决赛前后女子曲棍球运动员脑内神经递质的变化情况,研究连续大强度比赛对运动员神经中枢的影响。方法:在第11届全运会决赛期间,使用高级运动训练状态监控仪采集9名中国某省女子曲棍球运动员的脑电信号,并对比赛前后脑内神经递质浓度进行比较分析。结果:全运会决赛后,5-HT/DA比值升高,可能导致运动员的注意力下降,引发中枢疲劳;NE减少,可能使运动员的心理应激水平下降,赛前焦虑有所缓解;Ach增加、Glu/GABA比值升高,可能与运动员的学习和记忆能力增强有关。     

运动员睡眠质量及其相关因素的研究

通过对运动员睡眠质量及其相关因素的研究 ,为运动员更好地改善睡眠状况 ,提高睡眠质量 ,保证训练或比赛顺利进行提供一些有价值的资料。以 16 3名运动员 (平均年龄为 2 0 81± 2 85岁 ,男 70人 ,女 93人 )为研究对象 ,采用“匹兹堡睡眠质量指数 (PSQI)”等心理量表进行调查研究。研究发现 :(1)除“睡眠时间”、“催眠药物”、“日间功能”三项指标外 ,PSQI其它分析指标男女运动员之间存在着显著性差异 (P <0 0 5或 <0 0 1) ;(2 )比较分析发现 ,除“催眠药物”一个因子外 ,PSQI其余各项指标 ,运动员得分明显高过体院学生(P <0 0 1) ;(3)相关分析显示 ,除“催眠药物”外 ,PSQI其它各项指标与各项心理测试成分都存在着不同程度的相关 ;(4)逐步回归分析发现 ,在α =0 0 5水平上进入回归模型且具有显著性意义的因素是 :比赛失利、人际关系、APSC总分、ACL_90总分、人际敏感、焦虑、特质焦虑、支持利用度、内外压力。运动员的睡眠质量显著低于体院学生 ;女性运动员睡眠质量比男性运动员差 ;运动员睡眠质量与诸多心理因素密切相关     

‘Fractured communities’: uncertainty,stress, and (a lack of) communal coping in Palestinian refugee camps

This study examined how communal coping reveals itself in Palestinian refugee camps and the conditions that promote or prevent its occurrence. Individual and dyadic interviews were conducted with 40 mothers and one of their adolescent children living in Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon. The results revealed that communal coping existed within the mother–adolescent dyad to a certain extent, but was rare within the larger context of the refugee camps. While families and neighbors did not typically verbalize their hardships and actively cope with them as a group, there was often an implicit recognition that they were all experiencing the same uncertainty and stress. Acting upon their uncertainty as a collective, however, was greatly hampered by mistrust within and outside the camps, due to widespread violence, privacy violations, vying for scarce resources, and disloyalty. Parents and adolescents also engaged in protective buffering whereby they attempted to reduce the stress of the family by keeping stress and fears to themselves rather than communicating about them. Even though protective buffering helped the refugees cope with chronic uncertainty and maintain a sense of normalcy, it prevented them from acting upon the problem as a group. Finally, parents emphasized that the child’s education provided hope for the future. Practical implications are discussed.     

Mothers’ and Fathers’ Roles in Caring for an Adult Child with an Intellectual Disability

To date, there have been few studies of mothers’ and fathers’ roles in caring for their adult children with intellectual disabilities. The present study investigated the care-giving roles of mother and father couples caring for their adult offspring with an intellectual disability, their psychological health, and the demands and satisfaction of their care-giving roles. Twelve Anglo-Australian middle-aged mother and father couples with an adult child with intellectual disability (mean age?=?24 years) participated in semi-structured interviews about their care-giving roles and completed a series of questionnaires pertaining to care-giving difficulties and satisfaction, hassles and uplifts, and general health. Findings indicated that an extremely high proportion of both mothers and fathers were in the clinical range for social dysfunction, anxiety/insomnia, and somatic complaints, although levels of depression were relatively low. The present study found that mothers undertake more daily care-giving tasks than fathers, but that the range of tasks is similar. Mothers also reported significantly more care-giving difficulties and satisfaction than fathers. Associations between measures differed somewhat for the two parent groups, indicating the need for further exploration of both mothers’ and fathers’ experiences.     

CoQ10 补充对青少年运动员血浆抗氧化系统的影响

目的:观察CoQ10补充对青少年运动员血浆抗氧化系统的影响.方法:24名进行耐力训练的男性青少年游泳运动员按有氧运动能力单盲随机分为Q组及P组,分别补充CoQ10 100mg/d或安慰剂28d.结果:(1)补充后Q组血浆CoQ10浓度显著增高,且显著高于P组;(2)恒定负荷运动后受试者的总体血浆CoQ10浓度较运动前显著降低;(3)补充后Q组安静血乳酸浓度的升高程度显著低于P组;(4)补充后Q组安静状态的血浆MDA水平无显著改变,且显著低于P组;(5)补充后Q组运动后即刻较安静状态血浆SOD活性的增加程度显著低于P组;(6)补充后安静状态下Q组血浆GPX活性的提高程度显著低于P组;(7)补充前后Q组与P组血浆CAT活性变化无组间差异.结论:急性耐力运动中机体对血浆CoQ10的需求增加;CoQ10补充可降低进行大强度耐力训练的青少年游泳运动员的脂质过氧化程度并能改善机能状态;CoQ10补充在急、慢性运动状态下协同不同抗氧化酶发挥抗氧化作用.     

Chlorogenic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury: the involvement of CYP450 metabolic enzymes and some antioxidant signals

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic compound, is abundant in fruits, dietary vegetables, and some medicinal herbs. This study investigated the prevention of CGA against acetaminophen (AP)-induced hepatotoxicity and its engaged mechanisms. CGA reversed the decreased cell viability induced by AP in L-02 cells in vitro. In addition, CGA reduced the AP-induced increased serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) in vivo. The effect of CGA on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic (CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4) activities showed that CGA caused very little inhibition on CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic activities, but not CYP3A4. The measurement of liver malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) levels showed that CGA prevented AP-induced liver oxidative stress injury. Further, CGA increased the AP-induced decreased mRNA expression of peroxiredoxin (Prx) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, epoxide hydrolase (Ephx) 2, and polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide K (Polr2k), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In summary, CGA ameliorates the AP-induced liver injury probably by slightly inhibiting CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic properties. In addition, cellular important antioxidant signals such as Prx1, 2, 3, 5, 6, Ephx2, Polr2k, and Nrf2 also contributed to the protection of CGA against AP-induced oxidative stress injury.     

运动应激性溃疡及其机制的实验研究

研究目的:探讨运动应激性胃溃疡的病理生理特点及其机制。材料和方法:健康雌性SD大鼠为实验材料,研究了大鼠运动应激性胃溃疡模型的建立,力竭性运动所致应激性胃溃疡的产生规律、表现形式及特点,运动应激性胃溃疡的产生机制。结果:①游泳组动物运动时间(167.1±63.33min)显著长于跑台跑组(40.71±30.34min)(P<0.05),胃溃疡分数显著升高(游泳组13.8±11.89;跑台跑组5.67±6.896)(P<0.05)。②力竭性游泳运动所致的运动应激性胃粘膜损伤,呈点状或条索状的出血或溃烂,多位于粘膜的皱褶处,且大多与胃的纵轴平行;扫描电镜显示胃粘膜细胞破坏严重,形成空泡状或碎片状。③大鼠力竭性游泳运动前后不同时间内胃粘膜损伤的分数分别为:运动前为0;后即刻为15.22±10.58;30分钟为15.75±4.35;后3小进为12.2±7.26;后24小时为0;后100小时为0。腹腔注射盐酸肾上腺素0.3ml(1mg/ml)前、后30分、3小时胃粘膜损伤分数分别为:0,20±5.26,20±6.32。也呈点状或条状出血或溃烂。④对照组大鼠胃组织内一氧化氮含量及一氧化氮合酶的活性分别为10.68±4.31μmol/gprotein和6.02±1.09U/mgprotein;实验组分别为17.79±9.24μmol/gprotein(P<0.05)和9.13±3.63U/mgprotein(P<0.05)。⑤力竭性游泳运动后即刻胃组织中的钙含量(898±153     

英汉语调对比

广义语调包括停顿、重音和升降三个方面。重音分为词重音和句重音。英汉两种语言均有词重音和句重音。英语句重音除受节奏影响外,还由语法重音和逻辑重音决定。重音在汉语语流中的意义区别作用不如在英语中的相应作用重要。英语中的句调多达七种,而且调值也与汉语的调值不同。以上原因造成中国学生学习英语时在节奏、句重音、语调升降位置和语调调值等几个方面容易出现困难。