Joint ventures and technology adoption: A Chinese industrial policy that backfired

To spur technology transfer, emerging market policymakers often require foreign firms to form joint ventures (JVs) with domestic firms. Through knowledge spillovers, JVs may reduce technology acquisition costs for domestic firms. Yet domestic firm rents from JVs could discourage innovation through a cannibalization effect. Which force dominates is an empirical question. I address it with novel data on China's auto sector. In response to fuel economy standards requiring firms to upgrade technology or sacrifice quality, firms with JVs reduced quality and price relative to their counterparts. Consistent with cannibalization, firms with JVs drive the negative effect.     

Hip joint kinetics in the table tennis topspin forehand: relationship to racket velocity

The purpose of this study was to determine hip joint kinetics during a table tennis topspin forehand, and to investigate the relationship between the relevant kinematic and kinetic variables and the racket horizontal and vertical velocities at ball impact. Eighteen male advanced table tennis players hit cross-court topspin forehands against backspin balls. The hip joint torque and force components around the pelvis coordinate system were determined using inverse dynamics. Furthermore, the work done on the pelvis by these components was also determined. The peak pelvis axial rotation velocity and the work done by the playing side hip pelvis axial rotation torque were positively related to the racket horizontal velocity at impact. The sum of the work done on the pelvis by the backward tilt torques and the upward joint forces was positively related to the racket vertical velocity at impact. The results suggest that the playing side hip pelvis axial rotation torque exertion is important for acquiring a high racket horizontal velocity at impact. The pelvis backward tilt torques and upward joint forces at both hip joints collectively contribute to the generation of the racket vertical velocity, and the mechanism for acquiring the vertical velocity may vary among players.     

Sex differences in lower extremity stiffness and kinematics alterations during double-legged drop landings with changes in drop height

The aim of this study was to determine whether sex differences and effect of drop heights exist in stiffness alteration of the lower extremity during a landing task with a drop height increment. Twelve male participants and twelve female participants performed drop landings at two drop heights (DL40 and DL60; in cm). The leg and joint stiffnesses were calculated using a spring–mass model, and the joint angular kinematics were calculated using motion capture. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded using a force plate. The peak vertical GRF of the females was significantly increased when the drop height was raised from 40 to 60 cm. Significantly less leg and knee stiffness was observed for DL60 in females. The ankle, knee, and hip angular displacement during landing were significantly increased with drop height increment in both sexes. The knee and hip flexion angular velocities at contact were significantly greater for the 60 cm drop height relative to the 40 cm drop height in males. These sex disparities regarding the lower extremity stiffness and kinematics alterations during drop landing with a drop height increment would predispose females to lower extremity injury.     

关于共同危险行为法律制度的几点思考——兼评《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》之第4条

2003年12月4日最高人民法院审判委员会第1299次会议通过的《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》之第4条,在新中国民法中首次确立了共同危险行为法律制度。但是,由于人们对其比较陌生,经常将它与其他侵权行为相混淆。深入研究其起源和发展状况,有利于揭示该法律制度的创设意义和发展规律;对其构成要件做深入分析,有利于把握其实质,并最终将其与其他侵权行为区分开来,对于澄清理论误解,引导司法实践,都具重要意义。     

加快土地流转 增加农民收入——以宁海县土地流转为例

土地是农业发展最基本的生产资料,也是农民基本的生活保障。土地流转的主体是农民,基本前提是让农民的利益得到保障。本文通过宁海县农村土地流转实际情况说明农村土地流转可以增加农民收入,并在此基础上分析在土地流转中抑制农民收入增加的因素并提出相应的对策。     

幺正操作算符纠缠的可加性与可乘性

联合幺正操作是产生量子纠缠的重要途径。在利用线性熵度量幺正操作算符的算符纠缠,讨论作用到同一量子体系上的多个幺正操作的算符纠缠的可加性和可乘性,并以一般幺正操作和X型幺正操作为例进行具体分析。     

也区性文献信息资源共享和联合服务的可持续发展研究

大数据时代的数字科研环境下,文献信息资源共享和联合服务即为知识链接和知识组织下的知识内容服务,公共图书馆、高校图书馆、情报（信息）机构以往建立的共享和服务平台渐显出不适应性。文章通过分析知识链接和文献信息资源共享及其服务之间的关系,结合地区性文献信息资源共享及其联合服务在整合中具有优势的特点,提出了其务实建设的“所建即有用,所建即好用,所建即可持续用”的“三用”理念,并以陕西省为例,尝试分析了省内已有的文献信息资源和共享服务实际工作可持续发展技术要点,对再整合改造技术的选择、构建框架等方面进行了研究摸索。     

Astana 2014 ASEEES-CESS Joint Regional Conference Report

The report summarizes the joint regional conference of the Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) and the Central Eurasian Studies Society (CESS) in Astana, Kazakhstan in May 2014. This conference is the fourth biennial regional conference of CESS together with the first regional conference organized by ASEEES, and had more than 300 participants from many different countries of the world. Topics discussed included areas such anthropology, economics, education, history, international relations, library science, language and literature, political science, and sociology.     

Digital Library Consortia in the 21st Century

Abstract

The article outlines the initiatives of the local consortia of the eight academic institutions funded by the University Grants Committee (UGC) of the Hong Kong SAR Government. The role and services that this consortium provides for its members, especially with respect to consortial electronic purchasing agreements and joint licensing, are examined. The paper addresses many of the problems, difficulties, and challenges within consortia when coping with their internal needs, facing the need to both cooperate and compete with other consortial members, and making individual and consortial decisions in an environment of increasing budgetary constraints and technological advances. Case studies are used to illustrate each of the challenges mentioned above.     

论公司注册代垫资金的司法解释及法律适用

《公司法解释(三)》第15条明确规定了公司注册代垫资金第三人承担连带责任,该第三人承担连带责任的基础是他和发起人共同实施了对公司财产的侵权行为。垫资第三人承担连带责任的范围是抽回资金的本息范围,在追究垫资第三人责任时要看行为是否符合主、客观要件,主观要件是第三人和发起人有明确约定抽回垫资偿还,客观要件是发起人实际抽回出资偿还垫资人并不能补足出资。