“大同“是孔子的社会理想吗?

从文献学的角度看,到目前为止,没有任何文献资料可以肯定《礼记·礼运》中论大同的一段话确实是孔子本人的言论.将"大同"思想与那些可以确证是孔子言论的内容如《论语》等比较,可以看出,它不可能是孔子的社会理想.《礼记·礼运》中的大同之说,打着孔子的招牌,实际上是墨家的思想.它应该是儒家弟子将墨家思想引入儒家学说的产物,其产生的年代不可能早于孟子生活的时代.     

陕西省教育技术学专业学生信息素养调查研究

信息素养作为教师素养体系中最重要的素养之一,研究教育技术学专业在校学生的信息素养问题显得非常必要,利用问卷调查法对陕西省10所高等院校教育技术学专业的在校生信息素养状况进行调查,旨在以陕西省为例,为全国教育技术学专业学生信息素养培养提供参考资料。     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

传统美德与北京四中的德育

北京四中以植根于传统文化的中华传统美德为德育核心，传统文化、传统美德、四中人的精神是紧密关联、三位一体的。北京四中以传统文化、传统美德为依托，构建了立体多维的德育网络。     

林纾与桐城派

林纾与桐城派交往很多。民初特别是五四时期,桐城古文每遭异议,林纾极力为之辩护,但他并不完全赞成桐城派这一说法。桐城派主要是一个古文理论批评流派,林纾不完全赞成桐城派这一说法与此有关。方苞的义法说及其批评实践最能代表桐城派的理论批评成就。林纾接受了桐城派的众多说法,特别是将其义法说贯彻到具体的批评实践中,并有新的发展,甚至认为外国小说中也有义法。林纾的文学理论批评是对桐城派的重要贡献。     

“七月诗派”抗战时期在桂林的诗歌创作

“七月诗派”作为一个在腥风血雨的严峻现实中崛起的高歌救亡的诗歌流派,这些诗人们在抗战炮声响起之后分别在根据地、敌后、国统区从事着民族的解放运动。由于当时桂林处于特殊的地理环境和政治地位,使得一部分“七月派”诗人先后驻足于桂林。他们在桂林的诗歌创作及活动,极大地繁荣了抗战时期的桂林诗坛,声援了全国的抗战斗争。     

高密度电法探测煤矿采空区的效果分析

采用高密度电阻率法对某一煤矿采空区进行了探测。利用地电影像资料对比分析了高密度电法对地下采空区的探测效果。结果显示该方法具有断面异常形态清晰、探测精度高等优点。     

法兰克福学派现代性批判的理论路径

法兰克福学派从合理性和合法性两个维度对现代性展开了文化批判。前者批判的是工具理性及同一性思维,指出了出路在于变革哲学范式;后者批判的是资产阶级国家获得合法性的意识形态基础,探寻了在新的历史条件下政治变革的前景问题。其现代性批判思想留下了诸多让我们深思的问题。     

大学英语教师网络在线培训学习心得

在本文中,笔者通过参加高教司组织的"大学英语教师网络在线培训",结合自己对大学英语一线教学的经验和认识,得出了以下教学的新想法,即:要真正做到"人机交互、课上课下交互";要极大的重视学生听说能力的练习和提高;要强调"常态化的"英语环境。     

Sources of difficulty in assessment: example of PISA science items

ABSTRACT

The understanding of what makes a question difficult is a crucial concern in assessment. To study the difficulty of test questions, we focus on the case of PISA, which assesses to what degree 15-year-old students have acquired knowledge and skills essential for full participation in society. Our research question is to identify PISA science item characteristics that could influence the item’s proficiency level. It is based on an a-priori item analysis and a statistical analysis. Results show that only the cognitive complexity and the format out of the different characteristics of PISA science items determined in our a-priori analysis have an explanatory power on an item’s proficiency levels. The proficiency level cannot be explained by the dependence/independence of the information provided in the unit and/or item introduction and the competence. We conclude that in PISA, it appears possible to anticipate a high proficiency level, that is, students’ low scores for items displaying a high cognitive complexity. In the case of a middle or low cognitive complexity level item, the cognitive complexity level is not sufficient to predict item difficulty. Other characteristics play a crucial role in item difficulty. We discuss anticipating the difficulties in assessment in a broader perspective.