认清青少年教育环境

当前,我国正处于一个思想大活跃、观念大碰撞、文化大交融的时代,青少年的思想道德教育也面临着全球性化、市场化、数字化等新的教育环境,因此,我们应正确引导青少年适应新环境,克服新环境带来的不良影响,使之健康成长.     

Child maltreatment among boy and girl probationers: Does type of maltreatment make a difference in offending behavior and psychosocial problems?

This study examined differences in offending behavior and psychosocial problems between juvenile offenders who have been sexually abused (n = 231), physically abused (n = 1,568), neglected (n = 1,555), exposed to multiple forms of maltreatment (n = 1,767), and non-victims (n = 8,492). In addition, the moderating effect of gender in the association between type of maltreatment and offending behavior/psychosocial problems was examined. Results showed that violent offenses were more common in victims of physical abuse and victims of multiple forms of abuse than in non-victims, both in boys and girls. In boys, sexual offenses were far more common in victims of sexual abuse than in victims of other or multiple forms of maltreatment or in non-victims. In girls, no group differences were found in sexual offending behavior. For both boys and girls, externalizing problems were relatively common in victims of physical abuse and neglect whereas internalizing problems were relatively common in victims of sexual abuse. In victims of multiple forms of maltreatment, both internalizing and externalizing problems were relatively common. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.     

用科学训练理念指导青少年手球训练

采用文献资料、观察与数理统计分析、专家咨询与个人执教经验等方法,研究用科学训练理念指导青少年课余手球训练,取得良好的比赛成绩。归纳为：培养青少年在手球运动中享受快乐;向青少年传授简捷、实用的手球技术,培养其技术运用的准确与对抗能力;运用归因理论,引导青少年学会正确的归因;合理分组增加青少年成功的体验,坚定信心;运用阳性反馈理论指导青少年手球训练;注重培养青少年的观察能力与直觉思维能力;循序渐进地安排青少年的对抗性技术训练。     

单纯性肥胖对青少年脑血流的影响

本实验观察了18名单纯性肥胖青少年和18名同龄正常非肥胖青少年多普勒脑血流。结果显示。单纯性肥胖青少年脑血流速度发生改变。但其脑血管顺应性和弹性仍然正常。     

The relation between abuse and violent delinquency: the conversion of shame to blame in juvenile offenders

Objective

While the relationship between abusive parenting and violent delinquency has been well established, the cognitive and emotional processes by which this occurs remain relatively unidentified. The objective of this work is to apply a conceptual model linking abusive parenting to the conversion of shame into blaming others and therefore to violent delinquency.

Methods

A retrospective study of 112 adolescents (90 male; 22 female; ages 12-19 years; M = 15.6; SD = 1.4) who were incarcerated in a juvenile detention facility pending criminal charges, completed measures of exposure to abusive and nonabusive discipline, expressed and converted shame, and violent delinquency.

Results

Findings tend to confirm the conceptual model. Subjects who converted shame (i.e., low expressed shame, high blaming others) tended to have more exposure to abusive parenting and showed more violent delinquent behavior than their peers who showed expressed shame. Subjects who showed expressed shame (i.e., high expressed shame, low blaming others) showed less violent delinquency than those who showed converted shame.

Conclusions

Abusive parenting impacts delinquency directly and indirectly through the effects of shame that is converted. Abusive parenting leads to the conversion of shame to blaming others, which in turn leads to violent delinquent behavior.

Practice implications

For juvenile offenders, the conversion of shame into blaming others appears to contribute to pathological outcomes in relation to trauma. Translation of this work into clinical practice is recommended.     

未成年人不同阅读介质的眼动行为比较

随着数字化阅读的迅猛增长,传统纸质媒体与数字化媒体已经成为学习者获取学习资源的两种重要介质。电子课本作为数字化阅读与学习范式变革在基础教育领域中应用的产物,其应用效果受到人们的期待。电子课本如何促进学习？它对人的影响与纸质课本有何不同？基于梅耶多媒体学习理论,以电子课本和纸质课本两种阅读介质为例,对未成年人阅读过程中的眼动行为进行比较实验,结果表明：未成年人阅读纸质课本和电子课本的注意力分配有差异;电子课本阅读促进了更积极的交互,其测验成绩显著高于纸质课本,正文的观察时间和注视次数与测验成绩显著相关,但同时也增加了外在认知负荷。因此,设计人员在设计电子课本时应该兼顾学习者注意的广度和深度,实现各种多媒体学习内容的优势互补;家长和教师应该了解数字化阅读特点,适当引导未成年人的电子课本使用。     

公共图书馆开展未成年人服务工作探析

本文探讨了公共图书馆开展未成年人服务模式构想,即：拓展服务空间,为青少年营造书香浓郁的求知乐园;创新服务形式,为青少年创造多彩斑斓的活动舞台;延伸服务领域,为青少年创建快乐成长的青春殿堂。     

浅析青少年足球训练的运动负荷

青少年正处在身体生长发育的阶段,生理、心理都有着突飞猛进的发展.在这时期的足球训练应结合其特点合理安排运动负荷,同时注意训练方法的选择,以利于青少年身体的生长发育,兴趣的培养和成绩的提高.     

试论学校的侵权责任--兼论学校对未成年人的保护

学校法律地位和学生与学校的法律关系是确定学校侵权责任的基础;学校对学生造成侵权责任的性质和构成要件有其自身特点;学校侵权的法律适用包括民法和教育法律、法规;限制民事行为能力的学生对侵权行为的发生有过错的,学校可减轻责任.     

Animal cruelty as an indicator of family trauma: Using adverse childhood experiences to look beyond child abuse and domestic violence

Youth who engage in animal cruelty are known to be at increased risk of perpetrating violence on other people in their lives including peers, loved ones, and elder family members. These youths have often been exposed to family violence, including animal cruelty perpetrated on their beloved pets by violent adults. The current study utilizes a data set of 81,000 juvenile offenders whose adverse childhood experiences are known and includes 466 youth who self-report engaging in animal cruelty. Compared to the larger group of juvenile offenders, the children admitting to engaging in animal cruelty are younger at time of first arrest, more likely to be male, and more likely to be White. When looking at their reports of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), they are more likely than other juvenile offenders to have an array of adverse experiences beyond family violence and to have four or more ACEs. Although the youth who are cruel to animals are already troubled, the fact that they present to law enforcement at early ages provides early opportunities for intervention. Service providers outside the law enforcement field, such as teachers, physicians, veterinarians and animal control officers may be able to identify these vulnerable youth, and refer them to needed services before violence is visited on other humans.