少林武术的缘起及著名武僧稠禅师幼年习武辨惑

稠禅师是有文献可考的少林寺最早武僧,但稠禅师幼年习武与少林寺无关。初祖跋陀从未传教于稠禅师武功,健身自卫是稠禅师发愤习武的主要动因,北朝时期的稠禅师幼年习武是在邺,他是带着一身武艺到的少林寺。     

试论未成年人犯罪公诉制度的构建

当今世界,未成年人违法犯罪现象随着社会的发展日趋严重,并成为与贩卖毒品、环境污染相并提的“世界三大公害之一”。由于我国目前没有专门适用于处理未成年人犯罪案件的实体法、程序法和处置法,制度建设的落后大大制约着未成年人犯罪案件处理工作的发展。鉴于未成年人犯罪有着与成年人犯罪不同的犯罪原因,为了有效地保护未成年人的合法权益,有针对性地采取措施打击和预防未成年人犯罪,构建符合当代未成年人身心特点的公诉制度显得尤为迫切。本文试结合司法实践,从诉讼程序、原则和内容等方面,提出构建未成年人犯罪公诉制度的设想。     

The incidence of depressive symptomatology in juvenile sex offenders with a history of abuse

Depressive symptomatology was assessed in a sample of 246 male juvenile sex offenders using the Beck Depression Inventory. Of these participants, the racial composition was black = 147, Hispanic = 62, Caucasian = 34. Three adolescents elected not to identify their racial origin. Subjects were divided according to their self-reports of having been sexually or physically abused. The mean Beck score across all subjects was 14.3, a value markedly higher than published norms and indicative of mild depression. Forty-two percent of subjects attained scores indicative of appreciable depressive symptomatology. A history of sexual or physical abuse was significantly related to high Beck scores; abused subjects had a mean Beck score of 16.4, as contrasted to 12.3 for nonabused subjects (Wilcoxon test: z = 2.82; p less than .005). This relationship was apparent across all racial groups. While Hispanic subjects tended to have higher Beck scores and Caucasians lower scores, racial differences were not statistically significant. Results indicate that juveniles who have committed sexual crimes, particularly those with a history of abuse, should be evaluated for depression.