Reciprocity of inter-ethnic attitudes in a multicultural society

A national survey of multicultural and ethnic attitudes in Canada was conducted in 1974 (n = 1849). Data were analysed for the 1244 respondents whose ethnicity could be determined as Angloceltic, French, German, Italian or Ukrainian Canadian, A five group by five group intergroup attitude matrix was created, with each group acting both as attitude object and as holder of attitudes. Analysis indicated the existence of reciprocity or balance in the matrix: groups tended to reflect the attitude held toward them back onto the group holding the attitude. However this structural balance was moderated by the existence of shared attitudes about the position of a group in the national ethnic hierarchy. Further analysis indicated the existence of ethnocentrism in the matrix: attitudes toward ingroup and positive reference groups were more positive than toward out-groups. Perceived intergroup similarity and familiarity were positively correlated with each other and with intergroup acceptance. Results were discussed in relation to attitude balance theory and ethnocentrism theory, and in their implication for intergroup research in multicultural societies.     

对体育教学中创新活动与创新成果的研究

运用数理统计法、比较研究法与逻辑分析法 ,对当代体育教师创新活动进行研究 ,系统总结体育教学创新成果 ,探讨体育创新活动在体育教学中的地位和作用 ,以期望更好的为教学实践服务。     

Bias in content validity on the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts for White and Mexican-American children

Item bias on Forms A and B of the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts was examined for a sample of White and Mexican-American kindergarten children. The method employed to detect biased items, as defined by an items-by-group interaction, was a two-way analysis of variance with followup being conducted with a Bonferroni-type procedure. Bias-in-item difficulty occurred for both groups, which does not conform to the current popular press view that bias is against ethnic minorities and not against the White majority. The finding that on some items the Mexican-American group out-performed the White group indicates the need to examine carefully the question of bias and to reconsider popular conceptualizations of the many issues of bias in educational and psychological testing.     

300t LF炉水冷炉盖水路优化及应用

通过对LF精炼炉水冷炉盖的水路进行分析和研究,提出了对密排管式水冷炉盖水路进行优化。优化后,水冷炉盖的各水路出水水温降低到原设计要求,高温报警得到抑制,取得了显著地经济效益。     

游泳训练对Ⅱ型糖尿病Wistar大鼠肠系膜动脉舒张功能改善作用的研究

目的:通过建立wistar大鼠Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型,观察Ⅱ型糖尿病(T2DM)模型大鼠,经游泳训练后肠系膜动脉舒张功能的变化,并探讨其内在影响机制。方法:实验材料wistar大鼠60只,造模完成后随机分成3组:正常对照组(CON),Diabetes模型组(DI),游泳运动组(SEX),每组15只。进行游泳训练共计8周。结果:T2DM可造成肠系膜动脉血管舒张功能降低(P<0.05),且存在内皮依赖性。舒张功能的降低与eNOS-NO系统活性降低直接相关。游泳训练可有效维持内皮依赖性舒张功能(P<0.05),其上调eNOS-NO系统。另外,T2DM造成的eNOS-NO系统活性降低与该系统上游蛋白PI-3K,Akt降低有关,且在加入上游蛋白抑制剂(PI-3K)LY294002及eNOS阻断剂L-NAME后保护效应消失。结论:游泳训练能改善T2DM wistar大鼠肠系膜舒动脉舒张功。其内在保护作用可能是通过部分激活PI-3K-Akt-eNOS信号通路而实现。     

Heat shock protein 90 protects rat mesenchymal stem cells against hypoxia and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways

Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation has shown a therapeutic potential to repair the ischemic and infracted myocardium,but the effects are limited by the apoptosis and loss of donor cells in host cardiac microenvironment.The aim of this study is to explore the cytoprotection of heat shock protein 90(Hsp90)against hypoxia and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis and the possible mechanisms in rat MSCs.Cell viability was determined by3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.Apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33258nuclear staining and flow cytometric analysis with annexin V/PI staining.The gene expression of Toll-like receptor-4(TLR-4)and V-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2(ErbB2)was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3,Bcl-2,Bcl-xL,Bax,total-ERK,phospho-ERK,totaI-Akt,phospho-Akt,and Hsp90 were detected by Western blot.The production of nitric oxide was measured by spectrophotometric assay.Hsp90 improves MSC viability and protects MSCs against apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and hypoxia.The protective role of Hsp90 not only elevates Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax expression and attenuates cleaved caspase-3 expression via down-regulating membrane TLR-4 and ErbB2 receptors and then activating their downstream PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways,but also enhances the paracrine effect of MSCs.These findings demonstrated a novel and effective treatment strategy against MSC apoptosis in cell transplantation.     

明代国子监制度对现代高等教育的启示

明代的最高学府——国子监在监生的选拔、培养、职前培训等方面的一系列制度,对于今天正在进行的高等教育体制改革有着重要的借鉴意义。随着现代高等教育体制改革的不断深入,为了借鉴历史经验和吸取教训,有必要加强对明代国子监教育管理制度的研究,这同样有着一定的学术价值。     

非专业研究生生物信息学课程教学探讨

生物信息学作为新兴的交叉学科,已经成为生物学研究的强有力的辅助工具之一。本文针对目前非专业研究生生物学信息学教学实践中的一些问题,提出在教学目的、教学内容、教学方法方面的思考,希望能够有助于推动非专业研究生生物信息学课程教学的开展。     

Hilbert K-模上的基向量

主要引入了Hilbert K-模上的Hilbert基向量,Riesz基向量,以及标准正交基向量等一系列概念,运用泛函分析和算子代数的理论知识研究了这几种向量之间的关系,得到了一些有用的结论.     

Are Students Customers in Finnish Higher Education?

This study examines Finnish higher education students’ perceptions of whether students are customers, based on qualitative interview data. The article contributes to the discussion on students as customers by giving attention to students’ own voices from a country where tuition fees are not generally collected. The data are presented and analysed using a matrix of preference and perception of seeing students as customers. While the data contained student voices insisting that it is not appropriate to talk about customers because money is not involved, different orientations showing either a preference or perception of students as customers were also described. It is concluded that seeing a student as a customer might be a solution to various higher education challenges which are not all related to tuition fees.