适应社会稳定工作的需要深化高校"两课"教学改革的探索和实践

本文分析了21世纪我国高校"两课"教学所面临的新挑战,比较系统地总结了为适应新世纪社会稳定工作的需要,深化"两课"教学改革的一些实践经验,在教学改革的指导思想、教学原则上以及在教学观念、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、教学环节、教学管理体制等方面的改革上进行了有益的探索.     

MARC21/B与CNMARC格式特点比较分析

通过对MARC21/B与CNMARC的记录头标区、00x控制字段区和数据字段区的01X-08X、1XX、20X-58X、6XX-83X字段的比较分析,使编目人员在使用MARC21/B与CNMARC时思路更加清晰,避免混淆。     

21世纪初美国基础体育教育师资培训标准的研究

通过对美国新近颁布的21 世纪初基础体育教育师资标准的分析与归纳,阐述了美国基础体育教育人才的培养、使用和管理的专业标准和基础体育教育领域的新思想、新观念,以及我们了解、学习和借鉴美国在这方面的成功经验和做法,加速我国在基础体育教育人才培养方面的科学决策和管理的启示     

面向21世纪对我国高校体育科研现状的审度与思考——剖析第四、五届大学生运动会学术论文报告会

为了探讨面向21世纪我国高校体育科研的改革与发展,本文以1992年第四届和1996年第五届大学生运动会学术论文报告会217篇入选论文入手,分析我国高校体育科研的现状,两届报告会的论文具有广泛的代表性、地区的不平衡性、竞争面由集中到分散。论文所归属学科的分布差异悬殊,体育社会人文学几乎占一半,收集资料方法以经验法和调查法为多,整理资料方法虽然数学法占多数,但主要运用百分比、平均值、标准差等极简单的处理方法,撰写论文的组织形成以个人和2-3人结伴方式为主,说明其研究水平基本处于初创阶段。文章在剖析了高校科研现状的基础上,分析了影响其发展的因素,并对面向21世纪如何深化改单等问题提出了思考。     

Fourth Graders' Social Standing with Peers: A Prospective Study on the Role of First Grade Physical Activity,Weight Status,and Motor Proficiency

We prospectively examined the role of physical activity involvement, weight status, and motor functioning capability in 1^st grade for social status among other pupils in class in the 4^th grade. Our sample included 80 Norwegian 1^st grade pupils (Girls N = 44; Boys N = 36). 1^st grade motor proficiency and objectively measured physical activity, but not weight status was predictive of 4^th grade social standing among pupils in class as measured by socio‐metric status. Interaction findings also revealed that 1^st grade healthy weight children being proficient in the motor domain benefit more in terms of their social standing among peers in 4^th grade than do 1^st grade overweight but equally motor proficient children. Being physically active in the 1^st grade seems more important for social standing among peers in 4^th grade for 1^st grade girls than for boys. Results may inform early intervention efforts in school to enhance pupils' psychosocial development.     

The relation between individual interest and knowledge acquisition

The objective of this study was to examine how individual interest and knowledge acquisition are causally related. Three hypotheses were tested using a cross‐lagged panel analysis (N = 186) and two quasi‐experimental studies (N = 68 and N = 108) involving students from schools in Singapore. The first hypothesis is the broadly shared standard assumption on the relation between individual interest and knowledge: the more an individual is interested in a topic, the more (s)he is willing to engage in learning. An alternative hypothesis assumes that individual interest is not the cause but the consequence of the process of learning: individual interest as an affective by‐product of learning. Finally, a third possibility is that interest and knowledge influence each other reciprocally. The results supported the affective‐by‐product hypothesis. Our findings seem at variance with commonly held conceptions that being interested guides knowledge attainment. The implications of these findings for interest research are discussed.     

A description of a mother's play guidance for her child with autism in the process of playing by the rules

The purpose of this study is to describe the strategies used by a mother with a child with autism during games activities with peers to provide the child with social skills. The research method of this study is ‘a qualitative single‐subject case study’. The participants in this research are a mother and her 9‐year‐old child with autism, one brother and three typically developing peers. The research data were collected through field notes, interviews, audio and videotape recordings during natural interactions between the mother and her child. The strategies the mother used were analysed using video records during games activities in a natural park. The interactions of the mother with her child were examined in the context of a hide‐and‐seek game. Micro‐ethnographic‐analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the video records. According to the research data, it was found that the mother with a child with autism made extensive use of 13 different verbal strategies and seven different non‐verbal strategies. It was observed that the mother guided her child and the group during the hide‐and‐seek game, arranged the environment of the games, carried out routine activities both at the beginning and at the end of the games and arranged the games in accordance with the abilities and preferences of the child. These applications bear a resemblance to the model of integrated game groups. As a result, the data from the present research reveal that a mother having a child with autism acts as a guide during the games and uses verbal and non‐verbal interaction strategies in this guidance process and by doing so contributes to the process of participation in the games by the child with autism and in the child's social interaction with his peers.     

Teachers engaging in action research: challenging some assumptions

A number of recent professional development projects in Australia have expected teachers to engage in action research as a process for professional learning and educational reform. This study investigated the experiences of ten teachers from one school who spent a year undertaking action research projects as part of the Innovative Links Project. The author was a participant observer in the study in her role as the school's ‘academic associate’ for the project. In this article, the project's expectations of the teachers are examined to reveal the extent to which they were based on realistic assumptions about the conditions within which the teachers worked as they tried to achieve them.     

21世纪初我国竞技体育管理体制与运行机制研究

运用调查咨询、比较分析等多种方法 ,分析了我国竞技体育管理体制及运行机制的现状、特点、存在的问题及发展趋势。笔者认为 ,应建立一个以扁平化组织为核心的发展模式 ,提高管理效率 ,并着重加强竞争机制在组织结构中的作用 ,以适应 2 1世纪初我国竞技体育管理体制与运行机制的要求     

Applying reciprocity and accommodation theories to supervisor/subordinate communication

Reciprocity and accommodation theories were applied to communication between supervisors and subordinates. It was reasoned that supervisors and subordinates informally (and not necessarily consciously) negotiate communication styles with each other which become significantly correlated over time. It was hypothesized that the supervisors’ Socio‐Communicative Style and the subordinates’ Socio‐Communicative Orientation would be positively correlated with each other and both would predict the subordinates’ perceptions of the supervisors’ credibility, attractiveness, and the subordinates’ general attitude toward the supervisor and communicating with that supervisor. The results were consistent with the hypotheses.