人口统计变量对企业知识员工创新行为影响的实证研究

以来自国内100多家企业的1221份答卷为统计样本,分析了人口统计变量对知识员工创新行为的影响,发现性别、年龄、职位对创新行为有显著影响,学历对创新行为之创新构想产生有显著影响。针对实证结论,从企业视角提出了管理建议。     

Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices Front

Four standards and best practices recently released or currently underway at the National Information Standards Organization were presented: Knowledge Bases and Related Tools, Presentation and Identification of E-Journals, Open Discovery Initiative, and Open Access Metadata Indicators. Basics outlining the creation work and deliverables were shared for each project. Applicability of these standards and best practices for different stakeholders of the information community were discussed.     

从语法大纲看对外汉语教学和测试理念的发展

本文主要考察了六个编订于不同时期的对外汉语教学和测试的语法大纲,通过比较分析,本文认为从20世纪90年代至今,对外汉语教学和测试的理念不断变化与发展,理论语法色彩逐渐减弱,显性知识的教学和考查不断减少,同时,教学和测试理念正在由标准规范观向沟通理解观转化。这些变化反映出对外汉语教学和测试理念的发展趋势,适应了汉语国际推广的新形势。     

英语词汇强度知识、深度知识与阅读关系探究

英语词汇知识在英语阅读理解中所起的重要作用是毋庸置疑的,但是词汇知识的框架是复杂而多维的。测量了英语学习者的词汇强度知识及词汇深度知识,以揭示英语学习者英语词汇知识的全貌,并证实了英语词汇强度知识及深度知识在阅读中所起的不同作用。文章研究结果还表明,在词汇强度知识的四个样态中积极回忆样态对阅读有最强的预测力,而词汇深度知识中的词汇意义比搭配更能预测学习者的阅读能力。     

Learning Politics From Social Media: Interconnection of Social Media Use for Political News and Political Issue and Process Knowledge

Drawing on a national survey of 1,157 South Korean adults, the present study finds that social media use for political news is positively associated with knowledge about political issues, but not with knowledge about political processes. Professional media use for political news is significantly associated with both political issue knowledge and political process knowledge. The impact of social media for news on political issue knowledge increases with the additive role of professional media news use. This study also finds that political talk strengthens the positive association between social media use for news and political issue knowledge.     

Motivation and transfer in professional training: A meta-analysis of the moderating effects of knowledge type, instruction, and assessment conditions

This meta-analysis (148 studies, k = 197, N = 31,718) examined the relationship between motivation and transfer in professional training. For this purpose, motivation was conceptualized in the following nine dimensions: motivation to learn, motivation to transfer, pre- and post-training self-efficacy, mastery orientation, performance orientation, avoidance orientation, expectancy, and instrumentality. Population correlation estimates ranged between −0.11 and 0.52. Three moderator effects were estimated. First, correlations were higher when the training focused on declarative and self-regulatory, rather than on procedural, knowledge. Second, learner-centered environments tended to show greater numbers of positive correlations than did knowledge-centered environments. Third, when compared with external, supervisory, or peer assessment, self-assessment of transfer produced upwardly biased population estimates irrespective of the transfer criterion. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for theories of training effectiveness and their significance for the practice of training evaluation.     

When do firms rely on their knowledge spillover recipients for guidance in exploring unfamiliar knowledge?

Knowledge spillover occurs when recipient firms combine the knowledge of an originating firm with other knowledge. When recipient firms combine the originating firm's knowledge with knowledge that is unfamiliar to the originating firm, the recipient firms potentially provide insight to the originating firm on the viability of exploring such knowledge. By mimicking its recipient firms, the originating firm reduces the challenge and uncertainty of exploring unfamiliar knowledge domains. We examine the exploration activities of 87 telecommunications equipment manufacturers over a ten-year time period. We argue that those firms that operate in competitive and dynamic market environments promoting conservative risk-taking behavior will value such uncertainty reduction more highly and thus rely to a greater extent on their recipient firms for guidance on where to explore for new expertise. In contrast, firms in high-growth market environments are more likely to look beyond the activities of recipient firms when exploring new technological domains and rely less on mimicking their recipient firms.     

Work-related factors influencing doctors search behaviors and trust toward medical information resources

Regulation of clinical practice is a characteristic aspect of the medical profession. Regardless of whether this regulation derives from government-sourced guidelines or materials from government-sponsored institutions, it results in a high production of information resources (institutional information resources), which are disseminated to the clinical stuff in order to ensure compliance. In that case, the issue of credibility of these information resources might arise, since medical practice is characterized by a high frequency of change. The latter involves a continuous effort on the part of the clinical staff, which is motivated by work-related factors (e.g., need for compliance) or personal motivation (e.g., need for self-improvement). In this study we consider a simple trust model, according to which we assume that perceived trust is a direct antecedent of perceived credibility. We evaluate whether work-related or personal motivating factors influence the relation between perceived credibility and trust toward institutional information sources and how the effect of each factor affects this relation. Findings suggest that work-related factors have a higher impact on the relation between credibility and trust than personal motivation factors, while they are stressing the important role of hospital libraries as a dissemination point for government-sponsored information resources.     

知识管理自学习案例平行结构体方面相似度模型

为建立知识管理系统的自学习与自组织机制,本文将基于案例推理的技术思想引入知识管理自学习子系统,对知识管理自学习案例的平行结构体方面相似度进行系统而深入地研究。首先,论文对相关文献进行述评,阐明了本文研究的出发点,诠释了知识管理自学习案例平行结构体方面的内涵及其特征;继而,分七种情况深入讨论了平行结构体方面维度相似度的计算方法,并在此基础上提出了方面相似度的计算策略;最后,通过算例分析了相关技术策略与实施细节。     

组织中个人知识是如何生成与创新的——基于知识整体论的视角

组织中个人知识生成与创新是组织获取竞争力的关键。理性论与经验论对立成为传统西方知识论的特色,基于此之上的个人知识创新理论关注隐性知识与显性知识以及二者互相转换形成螺旋上升过程,忽视了由人的情感与自由等驱动的活性知识,同时也忽略了情感在知识转换过程中的地位。从知识整体论角度出发,提出了组织中个人知识的生成与创新路径,以及个人知识互相转换的九大模式,从而揭示了组织中个体知识创新的推动力。