Knowledge spillovers: Does the geographic proximity effect decay over time? A discipline-level analysis,accounting for cognitive proximity,with and without self-citations

This work analyzes the variation over time of the effect of geographic distance on knowledge flows. The flows are measured through the citations exchanged between scientific publications, including and excluding self-citations. To calculate geographic distances between citing and cited publication, each publication is associated with a “prevailing” territory, according to the authors’ affiliations. We then apply a gravity model to account for the research size of the territories, in terms of cognitive proximity of citing-cited publications. The field of observation is the 2010–2017 world publications citing the 2010–2012 Italian publications, as indexed in the Web of Science. The results show that in domestic knowledge flows, geographic proximity remains an influential factor through time, although with differences among disciplines and trends of attenuating effects. Finally, we replicate the analyses of knowledge flows but with the exclusion of self-citations: in this manner the effect of geographic proximity seems reduced, particularly at the national scale, but the differences (with vs without self-citations) lessen through time. As shown in previous works, the effect of distance on continental flows is modest (imperceptible for intercontinental flows), yet here too time has some influence, including concerning exclusion of self-citations.     

The role of geographical proximity in knowledge diffusion,measured by citations to scientific literature

This paper analyses the influence of geographic distance on knowledge flows, measured through citations to scientific publications. Previous works using the same approach are limited to single disciplines. In this study, we analyse the Italian scientific production in all disciplines matured in the period 2010–2012. To calculate the geographic distances between citing and cited publications, each one is associated with a “prevalent” territory on the basis of the authors’ affiliations. The results of the application of a gravity model, estimated using ordinary least squares regression, show that despite the spread of IT, geographic distance continues to be an influential factor in the process of knowledge flows between territories. In particular, the analysis reveals that the effect of geographic distance on knowledge flows is significant at the national level, not negligible at the continental level, but completely irrelevant at the intercontinental level.     

宏观出版资源系统的理论研究

长期以来,传统的出版资源理论研究局限于出版信息资源、出版选题资源、出版人才资源几个狭义定义的资源管理,致使目前的出版资源观流于表层、狭隘、静态,造成出版理论的散乱.本文在综述出版资源类、资源科学类资源观后,分析了传统出版资源观的认识误区,提出新型的宏观出版资源观,并在宏观出版资源观指导下重新界定出版资源的集合.     

试论新华书店的知识管理

知识管理是在知识经济浪潮中产生的一种新兴的管理思潮与方法.在知识经济条件下,新华书店需要实施知识管理,以应对激烈的市场竞争.新华书店实施知识管理应该从以下几个方面着手:建立知识库、建立有效的学习机制、设置知识管理组织架构、形成有利于知识管理的企业文化.     

浅谈企业成本管理存在的问题及对策

文章论述了入世后我国企业直面日趋激烈的竞争,成本优势对于企业的生存和发展至关重要.而成本优势取得应从管理的高度去挖掘,才能提高企业经济效益,在竞争中立于不败之地.     

选课管理系统核心技术的研究与实现

在基于WEB集成技术的前提下,文章主要分析了职业技术院校选课管理系统核心技术的实现方案,重点讨论系统的开发思想、数据存储和数据交换、选课核心算法及系统的安全性等.     

新时期企业财务管理内容探讨

分析了新时期企业财务管理目标的结构体系,阐述了企业财务再生策略,提出了企业财务管理应拓展的内容.     

Potential production simulation and optimal nutrient management of two hybrid rice varieties in Jinhua,Zhejiang Province,China

Potential growth of two widely-grown hybrid rice varieties in the Jinhua district of Zhejiang Province, Shanyou63 for mid-rice and Xieyou46 for late rice, was simulated using a crop growth model of WOFOST. Parameters of the rice growth in WOFOST were calibrated through field experiments from 1999 to 2002 in Jinhua. The potential yield simulated with WOFOST was about 12 t/ha for Shanyou63 and 10 t/ha for Xieyou46, which are in good agreement with the highest recorded yield obtained in this area. Under farmers practice, current yield is about 7.5 t/ha for Shanyou63 and 6.5 t/ha for Xieyou46. There is a gap between the actual rice yield and the potential yield for these two hybrid rice varieties grown in this area. The attainable target yields were set to 70% to 75% of their potential yields for the two varieties. A recently developed software ＂Nutrient Decision Support System （NuDSS）＂ for irrigated rice was used to optimize nutrient management for these two rice varieties. According to NuDSS, the optimal fertilizer N requirement for the target yields was about 150 kg/ha for Shanyou63 and about 120 kg/ha for Xieyou46, which were only about 70% of the fertilizer N application under current farmers＇ practice. Comparing with farmers＇ practice, there is great potential to increase actual rice yields and to reduce fertilizer N use rates by improving rice crop management practice in Jinhua.     

事业单位人力资源管理分析

事业单位人力资源的有效开发与管理是事业单位发展最重要的源动力。事业单位必须在人力资源管理上进行观念转变和机制更新,才能留住人才、吸引人才,才能在激烈的市场竞争中取得优势。     

晋冀豫根据地军事工业的生产与经营(1937～1945)

抗战时期,晋冀豫根据地的军工人员在党的领导下,发扬自力更生、艰苦奋斗的精神,采取多种途径,解决了生产要素上的难题,通过建立现代工业管理制度,开展生产竞赛和学习先进活动,重视职工培训和人才培养,提高了经营管理水平.这既推动了根据地军事工业的发展,同时也积累了工业管理经验,并培养了一批具有较高水平的工业人才,为后来的军工发展及经济建设做出了贡献.