Relative Age Effect and Gender Differences in Physical Education Attainment in Norwegian Schoolchildren

The relative age effect (RAE) refers to that children born early in their year of birth show higher performance compared to children born late in the same cohort. The present study evaluated whether RAE exists within non-competitive physical education (PE) attainments, change in RAE magnitude with age, and possible gender differences. The results show a drop in PE attainment and a difference in number of high and low marks between the first and second half-year. Of the pupils who attained the highest mark, 73% were born in the first 6 months. In lower-secondary school, RAEs were larger in girls compared with boys. A possible explanation for the results is that the PE-teachers might be inspired by product-oriented criteria.     

Citizenship education ‘goes global’: extra-curricular learning in an overseas campus of a British civic university

Active citizenship is increasingly being framed in the context of lifelong and life-wide learning. However, research on young people’s participation in and experience of different forms of civic practice, particularly in informal settings in different sociocultural contexts, is scarce. Consequently, little is known about how these experiences shape their learning about active citizenship, their understanding of the self and their relationship to society. This paper reports findings from a small-scale qualitative research on students’ experiences of participation in extra-curricular activities (ECAs) in a UK Transnational Higher Education institution in China, in relation to the development of active citizenship and lifelong learning capacity. The findings suggest ECAs can provide opportunities for students to accumulate knowledge and develop skills, attitudes and values that underpin the promotion of active citizenship, while developing habits and skills essential for lifelong learning.     

Teachers’ perspective on institutional barriers to academic entrepreneurship – a case of Uttarakhand state,India

The study explores the institutional factors which influence the impact of education in building academic entrepreneurship in higher educational institutes of Uttarakhand state, India. In order to understand the institutional barriers, the author interviewed 68 senior-level educationists, who were working in the capacity of Director General, Professor, Head, or Director in three different universities or their affiliated institutions. Based on the qualitative data obtained from interviews, we identified five major and four minor factors which were influencing the impact of education in building academic entrepreneurship in the state. The major barriers identified were – poor entrepreneurial ecosystem, poor entrepreneurial orientation, and inclination of universities and institutes to prepare students for jobs, inadequate content of the subject, need for training of entrepreneurship faculty, or specialized entrepreneurship faculty and ineffective teaching methodology. The results so obtained were further reviewed and validated on the basis of past research. The study also takes into account the institutional problems in developing academic entrepreneurship in other developing countries and compares the results. The study will help policy-makers, teachers, and educational institutions to recognize the possible shortfalls in the education system, which eventually result in poor academic entrepreneurship. Suggestions for improvements are included.     

Conflicts,competition and social support in female-dominated vocational education – breaking or reaffirming stereotypical femininity?

One in four upper secondary school students in Norway experience nearly single-sex classrooms, an unintended consequence of choosing certain vocational study programmes, such as Health care, childhood and youth development or Building and construction. This raises a question about how female students describe their experiences of social relationships and classroom culture within the context of a gender-segregated vocational education setting. Analyses of educational biography interviews reveal that stories of conflict, competition and cultural differences dominate and are often described using derogative or gendered language, such as ‘bitching’, ‘gossip’ and ‘drama’. These stories demonstrate a break with gender stereotypes but, at the same time, accentuate femininity by aligning the behaviour to stereotypical discourses of ‘girl’ behaviour. In their stories, gender loses its importance as a basis for solidarity and commonality when students share the same gender; instead, hierarchies and other differences become highlighted.     

What was out of the frame? A dialogic look at youth media production in a cultural diversity and educational context in Chile

This article accounts for an experience of digital storytelling workshops with indigenous adolescents in Chile, and proposes a theoretical and methodological approach to analyze digital creations with a dialogic and ethnographic point of view. Based on this, it discusses the possibilities of digital media production as a strategy for the self-expression of children and adolescents, particularly immersed in unequal and ethnically diverse educational contexts. The specific case of two Mapuche girls reveals complex ways of organizing and positioning their voices, where ‘girl power’ and ‘post-girl power’ discourses are relevant, but not so their ethnicity. The results show that television, with its main audiovisual genres, styles and stereotypes, appears clearly on the teenagers’ creations, while the absence of Mapuche signs along the creation process and also into the digital stories seems to be related with two important features of the Chilean educational system: ethnic inequalities and its fierce attachment to neoliberalism.     

军工企业核心价值观教育的内容及其社会价值--以青年员工为视角

青年是包括军工企业在内的任何企业实现可持续发展的储备力量和中坚力量。在军工企业工作的员工尤其是青年员工,相对于其他单位工作的员工,更应该树立包括报效祖国、爱岗敬业、诚实守信和遵纪守法等在内的核心价值观念。对企业而言,除了拥有健全的制度以外,还应该拥有具有特色且不断完善的核心价值观教育体系,使员工能感受到单位的积极上进的气氛,继而很快融入其中使之对该企业产生归属感和认同感。优秀的核心价值观教育体系,一旦成型且得以保持,不但会感染本单位的员工尤其是青年员工,也可以间接地影响到与该企业存在往来的其他企业,使其认知到优秀的核心价值观念对于企业发展、员工培养所产生的积极作用。在军工企业的影响之下,全社会形成一个合法经营、积极上进的企业文化,无论是对于企业还是社会而言,都具有积极意义。     

Immigrant girls as caregivers to younger siblings: a transnational feminist analysis

This article employs a transnational feminist lens to examine the experiences of racialised immigrant girls who provide care for their younger siblings. The article draws on findings from a participatory action research study in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada to examine the role that immigrant girls’ caregiving practices play in transnational families’ social, economic, and cultural survival. It argues that greater attention should be given to the diverse and complex contexts, consequences, costs, and contributions of immigrant girls’ caregiving labour.     

青少年体质监测管理评价指标体系构建研究*

在分析青少年体质监测管理评价研究现状、评价基点与目标基础上,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、德尔菲法等,构建青少年体质监测管理评价指标体系,并确定各指标权重。该指标体系由制度建设（权重0.2925）、宣传教育（权重0.1508）、管理投入（权重0.2032）、组织管理（权重0.2283）、服务措施（权重0.1252）5个一级指标、19个二级指标构成,并提出该指标体系的应用从“主体培育、运作方法、结果运用”三方面整体把握。     

青少年篮球技术训练过程的有效控制研究

青少年篮球技术训练是我国篮球的基石,其好坏直接影响我国的整体篮球水平。把控制论运用到篮球技术训练过程中,通过对控制流程、控制因素、技术训练的过程控制措施的研究,以促进青少年篮球技术训练的科学化。