The Space for News

In the early twentieth century, American newspapers enjoyed high circulations while presenting readers with diverse and plentiful content. After 1920, radio broadcasting made even more information available for public consumption, giving audience members an abundant range of media choices. During a time of plenty for readers and listeners, companies in the business of media struggled with the opposite problem: scarcity. As the amount of media content proliferated, the practical ability to disseminate it was determined by the access to scarce resources, and this was true for both radio broadcasting and newspaper publishing. In many respects, the history of the American mass media in the early twentieth century might best be told as a tale of two scarcities, one—the electromagnetic spectrum—defined by absolute limits and the other—the newsprint—defined by access to markets for a particular material, the supply of which often fluctuated in availability and price.     

Scholarly Information as a Political Economy

The scholarly information system is not a conventional market. It does follow a particular economic structure, but that structure does not follow orthodox macroeconomics. The multiple players who make up the system do compete and, at times, do cooperate, but not on the grounds of the economic theory of textbooks. An analysis that takes the differences into account is the only way to create an understanding of the system.     

农民工视角下劳动力市场的不完全性分析——以皖北地区为例

以皖北地区2000到2011年的数据为研究依据,对农民工就业能力、市场分割系数、户籍分割系数、行业分割系数以及农民农业纯收入做了分析。研究发现,皖北地区的农民工劳动力市场存在着不完全性,而这种不完全性是由城乡差别、户籍制度、产业结构等多个原因造成的。为解决市场的不完全性就必须调整产业结构,加大对农民工的教育和培训,提升他们的劳动素质,同时要引导他们通过正规和非正规等多途径就业,提高他们的劳动收入。     

教育劳动工具的德性探析

教育劳动工具包括"人"和"物"两类。"人"以"教师"为典型,"物"以"教材"为代表。这两类‘工具’都应有利于确保和提升师生的精神自由,体现教育作为德性生活的意蕴。"教材"的德性主要表现为正确的、科学的且具有生长潜力的课程知识,学科逻辑与心理逻辑的统一和促进学习者意义建构的价值性特征三方面,"教师"的德性主要表现为适切的知识架构、积极的道德人格和自觉的审美追求三方面。通过发掘教育劳动工具的德性,有利于推进教育劳动成为道德性的活动。     

论劳动合同立法的指导原则——兼评《劳动合同法(草案)》及有关评论

我国当前劳动合同立法的指导原则应该是重点保护劳动者原则、提高违法成本原则、稳定劳动关系原则、限制劳动者派遣原则、预防竞业原则。这是由劳动法的特殊性决定的,也是由我国当前劳动关系严重失衡的现实状况决定的。只有这样,才能保证劳资关系的和谐,从而实现社会和谐。总体上来说,《劳动合同法（草案）》坚持了这些原则,但某些具体条款还存在一些问题。     

基于法益结构的制度选择——《劳动合同法(草案)》中若干选择的评析与建议

文章从劳动关系法律调整的法益结构入手,对《劳动合同法（草案）》中若干问题的制度选择作了深入评析,并提出了许多建设性意见。作者认为,在服务期问题上,《二审稿》对出资培训服务期限未作强制限定对避免服务期过长现象不力,对特殊物质待遇服务制度未加规定则是合理的;在竞业限制问题上,《二审稿》减弱了对竞业限制事项约定的干预力度,加重了劳动者竞业限制的责任,存在明显不足,应对竞业限制事项的约定增加限制性规定,并应重构损失赔偿责任;在特殊用工形式问题上,《二审稿》从严规制劳动派遣,很可能导致外包用工的迅速发展,对经济和社会的可持续发展带来危害,应修改第72条的相关规定,降低外包用工中劳动者的风险。     

分工均衡演化视角下发展中国家模块化陷阱演进及其跨越

本文首先对发展中国家模块化陷阱的内涵进行了界定,在此基础上将产品内模块数量演化模型与产品中间投入分工均衡模型相结合,分析了发展中国家模块化陷阱的形成.产品模块化使不同国家的分工均衡随着技术演化实现了从最终产品间到产品内模块层面的转移,在最终产品层面形成发展能力是发展中国家突破模块化陷阱的基本要求,而达到这一目标需要将产品建构知识创新与模块创新相结合.     

The gender gap in early career transitions in the life sciences

We examined the extent to which and why early career transitions have led to women being underrepresented among faculty in the life sciences. We followed the careers of 6,336 scientists from the post-doctoral fellowship stage to becoming a principal investigator (PI) – a critical transition in the academic life sciences. Using a unique dataset that connects individuals’ National Institutes of Health funding histories to their publication records, we found that a large portion of the overall gender gap in the life sciences emerges at this transition. Women become PIs at a 20% lower rate than men. Differences in “productivity” (publication records) can explain about 60% of this differential. The remaining portion appears to stem from gender differences in the returns to similar publication records, with women receiving less credit for their citations.     

浙江省近期农作物播种面积的变化及其主导因素分析

利用1978年～2005年农产品成本收益资料和农业统计资料,研究了浙江省稻谷和棉花播种面积变化情况,及其与纯收益相关性和对劳动力投入的弹性。结果表明：近年来浙江省农作物播种面积下降迅速,除耕地面积减少原因外,农业劳动力投入下降造成的耕地复种指数降低是主要原因;从播种面积和纯收益的相关性分析看出,稻谷播种面积受纯收益影响较小,棉花播种面积变化一定程度上受到纯收益影响,但影响程度不大;而稻谷与棉花播种面积对劳动力投入的敏感性较大,且弹性系数呈显著增高趋势,棉花由于耗工量较大,对劳动力投入逐渐由缺乏弹性过渡到富有弹性。文章认为,目前促进我国农业生产的关键是推进土地适度规模经营,在加速机械替补劳动力投入不足的同时,提高农业的劳动回报率。     

从“唐慧案”看劳动教养制度的现实积弊

劳动教养制度在中国已经走过了五十多年的风雨历程,它产生于特殊的历史时期,曾经起到过积极的作用。但在当今中国,它的历史使命已经结束,和当今民主法治的治国理念格格不入,所以一个"唐慧案"又一次将其推到舆论批判的风口浪尖上。实际上,劳教制度的存在已经严重影响我国社会主义法制的形象。在现实的运作中,劳教制度问题重重,劳民伤财。任何缺乏正当性和合法性的制度终将走向灭亡,废除劳教制度只是一个时间问题。任何以"维稳"为借口继续保留劳教制度都是荒谬的。