工会法律角色初探

劳动者自愿结合的工人阶级的群众组织是我国工会的本质属性,工会具有相对独立的法律地位。代表和维护劳动者的合法权益是工会的基本职责。工会有对用人单位的经济裁员发表意见、对用人单位单方解除劳动合同的监督、参与处理劳动争议等权利。维护劳动者合法权益是工会最根本的工作,工会的一切工作都要以维护劳动者的合法权益为中心。     

The Use and Misuse of Standardized Testing: A Whiteheadian Point of View

First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators.     

Enhancing self-regulation of practice: the influence of graphing and self-evaluative standards

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of graphing of self-recorded outcomes and self-evaluative standards on the acquisition of a motoric skill with 70 college students. It was postulated that students who were provided with graduated self-evaluative standards would surpass those who were provided with absolute standards or no standards (control) in both motoric skill and in motivational beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, attributions, and self-satisfaction). Regarding graphing of self-recorded outcomes, it was hypothesized that students who graphed their results visually would show higher dart skill and stronger motivational beliefs than participants who did not graph their results. Support was found for these hypotheses. The implications of findings of this study were discussed for instructors in terms of how the effects of self-directed practice can be enhanced.     

关于毕节地区农村富余劳动力转移的思考

根据毕节地区人力资本累积不足,农村剩余劳动力存量大、转移就业缓慢的事实,认为劳动力市场技术门槛是制约农民转移就业的根源.提出在开发扶贫实践中实施扶贫贷款倾斜优先发展农村职业技术教育,实行两年农业职业义务教育的制度创新,健全和完善劳务输出机构及就业信息服务体系,加快民工技术培训.走扶贫先扶技术的道路,促进农村剩余劳动力有序转移.     

21世纪:中国成人高等教育的目标和培养规格--从中美两所大学相关问题的比较研究谈起

通过对国内外大学教学计划和课程设计的教学与比较,以及对我国成人高等教育历史上所确立的教育目标,培养规格,专业培养目标和课程指导思想的检讨和反思,有肋于我们科学在确定21世纪中国成人高等教育才培养规格。     

俄罗斯关于普通教育标准的争论

20世纪90年代中期以来，俄罗斯政治和教育界一直在进行有关“是否需要教育标准”的讨论。本文考察了俄罗斯普通教育标准的讨论及其产生过程，分析了普通教育标准的特点。     

贸易技术壁垒的博弈分析

本文明确提出最小质量标准(MQS)可以作为贸易技术壁垒(TBT)来考虑，因为贸易技术壁垒的实质就是设定一个高于进口产品质量的标准，以阻碍进入。在此前提下，本文首先考虑了在一个开放的经济体中．企业的利润及社会福利随MQS的变化情况。其次，对开放和封闭经济体中的MQS作了比较。结果表明，输入国政府设定最小质量标准，会使得生产低质量产品的进入企业利润增加，生产高质量产品的在位企业利润减少．但输入国消费者剩余提高，且消费者剩余的增加幅度要大于本国企业利润的减少，因此社会福利增加，输入国政府有动机设定最小质量标准。     

ISO9000标准与高校图书馆质量管理体系

ISO9000质量管理体系标准是世界范围内普遍认可的，通用的质量管理国际标准。阐述了高校图书馆贯彻实施ISO9000标准的必要性和可行性，提出引入实施ISO9000标准的一般途径。     

The lamaze certified childbirth educator: standards of practice

A student in a Lamaze Childbirth Educator Program expresses concern that some Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educators (LCCE educators) do not teach classes that reflect Lamaze standards. In this column, the ethical and professional standards of the LCCE educator and the challenges the childbirth educator experiences while practicing in the current maternity-care environment are presented and discussed. Lamaze International's Code of Ethics for Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educators provides guidance when dealing with these challenges.     

英国中小学学科领导人的职权与素质研究

英国学科领导人以管理者、领导者、专业人员以及协调者等角色在学科领导、教学、教师专业发展和利用资源等方面担负着重要职责.为了更好地开展工作,他们需要具备知识、能力和态度等方面的素质.英国《国家学科领导人标准》以及英国学科领导人的发展现状对我国教研组长的发展与研究有所借鉴.