Communication That Changes Lives: Social Support Within an Online Health Community for ALS

Impaired communication due to a disabling illness can lead to reduced participation in community life. Online health communities can provide a substitute community for the purpose of social support and information sharing. This study examines communication between participants in an online community for patients and carers affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a degenerative neurological disease affecting communication and mobility. The study finds community members engaged in a dynamic interchange of information and social support. The results contribute to understanding of communication and social support needs of people with high levels of disability.     

股骨近端空心钉锁定板微创治疗青壮年股骨近端骨折

研究股骨近端空心钉锁定板内固定微创治疗青壮年股骨近端骨折的临床疗效及优点。采用透视下闭合复位应用股骨近端空心钉锁定板内固定治疗41例青壮年股骨颈基底部GardenⅠ～Ⅲ型骨折或股骨转子间EvansⅠ～Ⅱ型骨折。观察术后骨折愈合情况、髋关节功能恢复情况及股骨头坏死情况。结果显示,41例患者骨折愈合率为100%,无髋内翻及内固定失败;髋关节功能优良率90%(Harris评分标准);股骨头坏死率7.3%。结果表明,该方法具有创伤小、操作简单、固定可靠和并发症少等优点。     

Relationships among magnetic resonance imaging, histological findings, and IGF-I in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits

Objective: To study the relationships among magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological findings, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits. Methods: Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into experimental Group A (n=15) and control Group B (n=15). The 7.5 mg/kg (2 ml) ofdexamethasone (DEX)and physiological saline (2 ml) were injected into the fight gluteus medius muscle twice at one-week intervals in animals of Groups A and B, respectively. At 4, 8 and 16 weeks after obtaining an MRI, the rabbits were sacrificed and the femoral head from one side was removed for histological study of lacunae empty of osteocytes, subchondral vessels, and size of fat cells under microscopy, and the femoral head from the other side was removed for enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) for IGF-I.Results: At 4, 8 and 16 weeks after treatment, no necrotic lesions were detected in Group B, while they were detected in Group A.Light microscopy revealed that the fat cells of the marrow cavity were enlarged, subchondral vessels were evidently decreased,and empty bone lacunae were clearly increased. The IGF-I levels in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B. At 8 weeks after the DEX injection, the MRI of all 20 femora showed an inhomogeneous, low signal intensity area in the femoral head,and at 16 weeks, the findings of all 10 femora showed a specific "line-like sign". The MRI findings of all femora in Group B were normal. Conclusion: MRI is a highly sensitive means of diagnosing early experimental osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, the abnormal marrow tissues appeared later than 4 weeks when the expression of IGF-I increased. This reparative factor has an early and important role in response to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the pathology and designing new therapies.     

对英语语音中"不完全爆破"运用规则的再补充

在英语语音中,有六个爆破音,它们的发音分为三步:成阻、持阻和除阻。但在有些情况下,爆破音的发音没有除阻这一步,这种现象在语音学中称作"不完全爆破"。对于"不完全爆破"的运用,专家们提出了五种状况:(1)爆破音与爆破音相邻时,第一个爆破音产生不完全爆破;(2)爆破音与摩擦音相邻时;(3)爆破音与破擦音相邻时;(4)爆破音与鼻音相邻时;(5)爆破音与舌侧音相邻时。对于第五种状况,笔者认为有点太笼统,本文将对此进行阐述及补充。     

基于深度学习的视网膜分支动脉阻塞分割

视网膜疾病如视网膜动脉阻塞等的早期诊断和治疗是预防永久性视力损伤的关键。为辅助临床眼科医生更快、更准确地诊断视网膜疾病,提出一种基于深度学习的视网膜分支动脉阻塞分割的方法。首先,将三维视网膜光学相干断层扫描图像转换为二维B超扫描图像,通过二值化、仿射变换等方法提取视网膜区域作为感兴趣区域|然后将感兴趣区域送入条件生成对抗网络进行训练,实现BRAO病变区域分割|最后,采用腐蚀、闭运算等形态学运算排除假阳性。在20张来自20双眼睛、包含BRAO急性期和萎缩期视网膜OCT图像上进行四折交叉验证,平均正确率、真阳性率、假阳性率分别为94.7%、92.1%、5.0%,表明BRAO分割方法有效。     

Acute moderate exercise does not attenuate cardiometabolic function associated with a bout of prolonged sitting

Epidemiological studies suggest that prolonged sitting increases all-cause mortality; yet, physiological causes underpinning prolonged sitting remain elusive. We evaluated cardiometabolic function during prolonged sitting (5 h) in 10 adults with and without 30 min of moderate exercise leading up to the sitting. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and posterior tibial artery blood velocity were measured at baseline and every hour subsequently. Blood glucose was measured at baseline, 3 and 5 h, with consumption of a caloric beverage at 1 h. Seated MAP and HR values were ~17 mmHg (P < 0.001) and ~4 bpm (P < 0.05) higher for the moderate exercise versus sitting conditions. A ~ 4 cm·s^?1 (16%) (P < 0.05) decline in posterior tibial artery blood velocity from prolonged sitting was observed, with no benefit conferred from moderate exercise. Postprandial glucose metabolism was not different between conditions (P > 0.05). We conclude prolonged sitting may be related to decreased posterior tibial artery blood velocity. Moreover, an acute bout of moderate exercise does not seem to attenuate cardiometabolic function during prolonged sitting in healthy, young adults.     

成人下腰椎椎管侧隐窝MRI测量分析

目的：本研究试图通过测量本地区无症状正常成人腰椎椎管侧隐窝宽度，确定其测量标准值。方法：对无腰腿痛等症且完全排除椎管狭窄者200例行下腰段L3／4、L4／5及L5／S1水平MRI扫描，并进行双侧侧隐窝的测量与观察。结果：腰椎管侧隐窝宽度测量值在不同年龄组和不同性别之间统计学上无显著性差异（P〉0．05），在同一椎间盘水平左右两侧比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05），在不同椎间盘水平左右两侧比较无显著性差异（P〈0．001）。结论：本研究总结了正常国人成人下腰段L3至L5椎间盘水平双侧侧隐窝的MRI测量指标。其定量测量标准尚须谨慎应用，以便为临床提供更加准确、丰富的影像信息，进一步提高腰椎管狭窄症的诊断准确性。     

黄河下游悬河段断流对沿岸地下水影响评价

黄河下游悬河段地下水系统分布面积29288.27km2,含有两个含水层组.浅层含水层组赋存潜水和微承压水,中深层含水层组赋存承压水;并对含水介质结构、边界条件及地下水流态进行了研究,建立了水文地质概念模型,构建了三维地下水流数学模型.通过对数学模型的识别和验证,进行了悬河段地表水、地下水转化关系的模拟研究:预测了黄河下游在不同的断流时间和断流河段长度下,黄河侧渗量的变化趋势.模拟计算结果表明,花园口站-河口段全年断流时,黄河悬河段无侧渗补给;断流300天时,黄河全年侧渗量为2.98×108m3,较现状年侧渗量减少了52.25%.夹河滩站-河口段全年断流时,黄河全年侧渗量为1.6×108m3,较现状年侧渗量减少了74.4%;断流300天时,黄河全年侧渗量3.46×108m3,较现状年黄河侧渗量减少了44.5%.泺口站-河口段全年断流时,黄河全年侧渗量为4.83×108m3,较现状年黄河侧渗量减少了22.58%;断流300天时,黄河全年侧渗量为5.17×108m3,较现状年黄河侧渗量减少17.06%.利津站-河口段全年断流时,黄河全年侧渗量为6.15×108m3,较现状年黄河侧渗量仅减少1.5%.上述研究为水资源合理开发利用和黄河水量人工实时调控提供了依据.     

论中西文化对撞的历史脉络

中西文化对撞历史久远。自秦汉以来的2000余年中,中西文化对撞大致经历了早期交流、全面对撞和互融共进三大时期,与之相对应的经历了由“单向输出→相互交流→外力撞击→单向输入→双向互赢”的五个发展阶段。厘清中西文化对撞的历史脉络,把握不同时期中西文化对撞的特点,有利于在全面、科学认识中西文化异同的基础上,找准中西文化的切合点,以指导中国特色社会主义文化建设。     

Lipid peroxidation and the levels of antioxidant enzymes in coronary artery disease

Coronary Artery Disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Traditional risk factors account for only half of the morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease. There is substantial evidence that oxidative stress plays the major role in the atherosclerotic process. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the level of lipid peroxidation (by measuring malondialdehyde) and antioxidant enzymes (ceruloplasmin, glutathione, superoxide dismutase) in coronary artery disease. Serum malondialdehyde levels and serum ceruloplasmin levels were significantly raised in all the subgroups of study group as compared to control group (p<0.001). Whole blood glutathione levels and hemolysate superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in all the subgroups of study group as compared to control group (p<0.001). Above results suggests that the patients of coronary artery disease show increased oxidative stress and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes. So it is recommended that the management protocol for coronary artery disease patients should include antioxidant supplementation along with simultaneous lowering of lipid peroxidation.