学系在美国大学的诞生与发展

创建学系组织并逐步形成现代学系制度,是美国高等教育的重大创新。自18世纪60年代开始,学系已成为美国大学标识教师身份的管理工具;到19世纪20年代,以弗吉尼亚和哈佛大学为代表的部分高校开启了学系组织化的初步探索;1890至1910年美国大学趋于普遍建立学系组织,学系的重要地位以及现代学系制度得以正式确立。学系在美国大学的诞生与发展是众多力量合流的结果,学系的诞生与发展延续了德国大学讲座制的专业主义精神与知识分化逻辑,为美国大学全面提升治理水平、办学质量与规模效益,为迎接高等教育大众化与轴心时代的到来提供了组织架构与制度安排,产生了深远与广泛的影响。     

聚焦设计:实践与方法(上)——美国“以学生为中心”的本科教学改革研究之三

本文是美国"以学生为中心"的本科教学改革研究之三,主要介绍在这场改革中美国学者和教师创造的行之有效的实践和方法。全文共九部分。第1~3部分介绍相关文献、科学基础和大学教学有效性双因素假设。第4~6部分介绍由科学研究、受生活与职业发展影响和由经验总结而产生的实践与方法。第7部分是SC方法论,讨论了"SC方法树"、"3650"框架和5个"方法论误区"。第8部分是关于SC改革的未来,介绍了颠覆性创新概念和两所创新性学校。文章特别强调了设计在课堂教学模式改革中的核心作用。好的设计能把SC原则贯穿教学实践,能结合学生实际,促进学生有效学习。由于原文较长,故分为上下篇发表。上篇包括前四部分,下篇包括后五部分。     

The Ephemeral,the Essential and the Material in the Conservation of Contemporary Art: Decision-Making for the Conservation of a Work of Art Made with Butterfly Wings

This article presents the intervention process carried out on a work of art created by artist Yolanda Gutiérrez Acosta, using a series of ephemeral materials such as butterfly wings and agave thorns. The work, an installation from 2002, is entitled ‘Efímeras’ (‘Ephemera’) and consists of 12 flowers mounted on acetate sheets and attached to the same with vinyl acetate copolymers and acrylic acid esters (Mowilith®). These flowers are installed on the floor in a bed of dried flowers. The conservation of contemporary art can lead to some previously unimaginable problems for restorers. Current works of art are somewhat material in nature, but they also have a conceptual dimension that is essential for their artistic interpretation. The artist’s participation in the decision-making process prior to the restoration was quite useful. The passage of time, its effect on the work, and the need to understand the possibility of the demise and destruction of the work were implicit as of the onset of its creation, such that, according to the artist, we are forced to reflect upon the possibilities of its future state.     

民国时期中美图书馆交流史序说:研究综述、理论基础与历史分期

民国时期的中美图书馆交流史不仅是理解中国图书馆与图书馆学缘起的重要议题,在回应图书馆领域史学研究的“双重困境”方面,也具有其特殊的价值。梳理民国时期中美图书馆交流史的相关文献和研究主题发现,本课题难点在于庞杂的线索、社群与诸多政治、经济因素的介入等。由此,本研究吸收“世界体系理论”“书籍交流圈”等跨学科的思想和方法,提出一个由宏观、中观和微观三个层次组成的理论视角,并阐述这一理论视角如何转化为具体的研究方法,以提高学界对民国时期中美图书馆交流史研究的整体理解和把控能力。研究发现,“专业交往”到“文化外交”的视角渐变是民国时期中美图书馆交流的核心轴线,以此可以将这段历史分为四个时期,帮助我们把握不同时期的交往脉络、主要成就和基本特点。表1。参考文献73。     

19世纪美国主日学校图书馆研究

美国主日学校图书馆是十九世纪基督教传教活动的一种辅助设施,以向儿童进行宗教和伦理教化为主要目的。作为公共图书馆兴起以前重要的图书馆形态,其定位、功能与作用值得系统深入的研究。主日学校图书馆的创设始于19世纪初期,1850年左右成为美国提供宗教文献和儿童读物的主要渠道,其广泛建立和发展一直持续到1880年,之后日渐式微。主日学校图书馆藏书重点由宗教文献向通俗童书过渡;分类编目处于草创阶段,较为粗略;读者服务规章严格,以闭架借阅为主;率先向儿童免费开放,是儿童图书馆事业的基石;培养儿童阅读习惯,促进了美国基础教育的发展;突破阶级、种族和性别壁垒,促进了公共图书馆民主、平等与包容等服务理念的形成;遍布美国各地,奠定了农村图书馆事业发展的基础。表1。参考文献38。     

A post-American world? Assessing the cognitive and attitudinal impacts of challenges to American exceptionalism

A number of voices have emerged in U.S. political discourse questioning the legitimacy of American exceptionalism, suggesting we are in a “post-American world.” Our research examines the effects that political messages that explicitly challenge American exceptionalism can have on U.S. public opinion. Drawing upon social identity theory, we find that explicit challenges to American exceptionalism significantly impact Americans’ views toward their own nation, their willingness to denigrate foreign publics, and their broader foreign policy preferences.     

Intercultural Communication and the Central States Region

This reflection essay describes the Central States Region as an area rich in intercultural communication. González describes Mexican American migrant farmworker organizing as an intercultural activity since the union activists attempted to influence both Mexican heritage and European heritage audiences. González also describes the many interculturalists working in the Midwest who influenced his early research.     

“There’s nothing I hate more than a racist:” (Re)centering whiteness in American Horror Story: Coven

This article examines race and racism in the popular cable horror-drama American Horror Story: Coven. Centered around a feud between a white witch coven and a black, voodoo group of witches, Coven overtly deals with the issue of racism, but presents racism as a phenomenon contained in the past; something that does not happen anymore. Using critical post-race theory and scholarship on colorblind racism, whiteness, as well as black feminist theory, I show that although the narrative of Coven explicitly decries racism, it simultaneously invests in colorblind racist narratives and dialogue. Whiteness is central in Coven, operating through discourse that ignores racial difference and contemporary forms of oppression and erasure. Coven uses graphic depictions of violence against black bodies, makes explicit connections between black sexuality and animals, and uses exotic and aggressive stereotypes of black women to tell its story. Thus, Coven’s narrative both condemns racism and relies on it. This article shows that the contemporaneous presentations of explicit anti-racist dialogue and racist imagery work to (re)place whiteness at the center of Coven, a TV show that purports to forward a message of equality and justice for those who are different.     

怀远方言“网/幌(子、的)”

怀远方言中"网/幌(子、的)相当于普通话中的"什么",同时为列举收尾,表"等等"。本文就它的用法及使用范围进行探讨。     

Press Credentials and Hybrid Boundary Zones: The Case of WorldNetDaily and the Standing Committee of Correspondents

ABSTRACT

Press credentialing practices are a vital, yet understudied site of scholarly research on journalistic norms and practices. Press credentialing not only structures internal professional hierarchies, but they also signify the boundaries of the journalistic field itself. This paper explores the legal and theoretical implications of press credentialing to cover the United States Congress, drawing on the concepts of boundary work and journalistic authority to demonstrate the material impact of the space between fields on professional legitimation in journalism. Using WorldNetDaily (WND) as a case study, I argue that the Standing Committee of Correspondents (SCC) occupies a hybrid boundary zone between the journalistic and political fields, generating a unique tension in First Amendment jurisprudence that places journalists in a paradoxical role as both the professional embodiments of free speech and its constitutional steward. The resulting jurisdictional conflict between the SCC and WND extends the relational model of journalistic authority by articulating how journalist-state relations can fundamentally augment the process of legitimation at its fuzzy boundaries. The relevance and implications for press credentialing practices in the digital age are discussed.