普通高校体育教学评价多元化模式分析

体育教学评价本身是体育教学中不可或缺的部分,同时也有利于对体育教学的质量进行相对科学、合理的评估。对于体育教学改革而言,完善教学理论研究,采取多元化评价模式已成为未来改革的重要方向,同时制订专业的教学评价指标体系,从模型构建的过程中探究其具体应用方法。     

A comparison of methods to determine bilateral asymmetries in vertical leg stiffness

Whilst the measurement and quantification of vertical leg stiffness (K_vert) asymmetry is of important practical relevance to athletic performance, literature investigating bilateral asymmetry in K_vert is limited. Moreover, how the type of task used to assess K_vert may affect the expression of asymmetry has not been properly determined. Twelve healthy males performed three types of performance tasks on a dual force plate system to determine K_vert asymmetries; the tasks were (a) bilateral hopping, (b) bilateral drop jumping and (c) unilateral drop jumping. Across all the three methods, K_vert was significantly different between compliant and stiff limbs (P < 0.001) with a significant interaction effect between limb and method (P = 0.005). Differences in K_vert between compliant and stiff limbs were ?5.3% (P < 0.001), ?21.8% (P = 0.007) and ?15.1% (P < 0.001) for the bilateral hopping, bilateral drop jumping and unilateral drop jumping methods, respectively. All the three methods were able to detect significant differences between compliant and stiff limbs, and could be used as a diagnostic tool to assess K_vert asymmetry. Drop jumping tasks detected larger K_vert asymmetries than hopping, suggesting that asymmetries may be expressed to a greater extent in acyclic, maximal performance tasks.     

Relationship between the peak time of hamstring stretch and activation during sprinting

The purpose of this study was to investigate the time series relationships between the peak musculotendon length and electromyography (EMG) activation during overground sprinting to clarify the risk of muscle strain injury incidence in each hamstring muscle. Full-body kinematics and EMG of the right biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were recorded in 13 male sprinters during overground sprinting at maximum effort. The hamstring musculotendon lengths during sprinting were computed using a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model. The time of the peak musculotendon length, in terms of the percentage of the running gait cycle, was measured and compared with that of the peak EMG activity. The maximum length of the hamstring muscles was noted during the late swing phase of sprinting. The peak musculotendon length was synchronous with the peak EMG activation in the BFlh muscle, while the time of peak musculotendon length in the ST muscle occurred significantly later than the peak level of EMG activation (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the BFlh muscle is exposed to an instantaneous high tensile force during the late swing phase of sprinting, indicating a higher risk for muscle strain injury.     

体育文化交流对中美关系改善的作用及启示——基于中美建交40年的历史考察

运用文献资料等研究方法，基于"契机-轨迹"理论，对中美建交40年来体育文化交流情况进行了回顾和梳理，分析了外交政策导向下中美体育文化交流"契机"的形成和"轨迹"的发展，解读中美建交的历史背景和体育文化交流的特征与价值。认为：在"和平与发展""构建开放合作和谐社会""新时代构建新型国际关系"外交政策的影响下，中美体育文化交流具有体育文化财富的共享性、体育竞技的对等性、体育文化交流的公共性特征；中美体育文化交流促进中美建交，促进中美和平发展；改变世界格局，获得话语权；树立国家形象，展示大国责任；深化体育改革，促进社会发展。     

GM(1,h)系统状态模型在田径训练中的应用

将多因素整体状态GM（1，h)模型及其特列GM（1，1）模型结合起来，用于高水平田径训练的建模问题研究，使建立的系统模型既能反映系统内部多因素的整体关系，又能满足超前预测和规划的需要，旨为田径训练提供了一种有效的科学方法。     

“元动作”及其元认知——论动作的学习过程及其同化模式

依据学习的元认知理论 ,论述了“元动作”概念提出的意义及其应用价值 ,用元动作概念区分了动作的结构与层次。并借鉴认知结构同化理论 ,深入地分析了动作技能学习过程中存在的不同模式。笔者认为 ,提高元动作学习水平、改善动作协调能力、提高动作的自我监控能力和选择适合的教学与学习策略是提高动作学习效率的有效途径。     

世界男子400米栏比赛节奏的模式研究

运用SPSS软件对悉尼奥运会男子 4 0 0米栏前 8名运动员预赛、半决赛、决赛三个赛次的分段用时进行相关分析和回归建模 ;同时 ,对其栏间步节奏及过第 5栏、第 8栏的名次与最终名次进行相关分析。结果表明 :预赛、半决赛第 1、2段落的分段成绩与赛次成绩呈负相关 ,其余各段落除半决赛中第 5段成绩外 ,均与各赛次成绩呈显著正相关 ;各赛次过第 8栏时的名次与最终名次呈显著相关性 ;根据各赛次体力分配 ,各栏间步数随赛次的延伸有减少的趋势。最终建立的预测模型经方差检验效果高度显著。     

青年女子排球运动员弹跳力模型的研制

为了探索发展青年女子排球运动员弹跳力的有效途径 ,以四川青年女子排球队 9名运动员和重庆女子排球队 13名运动员为研究对象 ,对有关弹跳力的多种因素进行了相关、多元回归分析 ,进而制定出发展弹跳力的回归模型 ,为青年女子排球运动员弹跳力训练提供参考     

应用型本科院校体育教学模式分析及发展趋势探讨

以南通理工学院体育学院的学生为研究对象,通过文献查阅、问卷调查等方法对应用型本科院校教学模式现状、问题和影响因素等进行研究和剖析,探讨体育教学模式的未来发展趋势。     

现代男子标枪技术分类及发展趋势的数学分析

自从国际田联对男子标枪的规格作出新规定以来,该项比赛成绩发生了巨大的变化,世界各国均对探索新标枪技术的特征和发展趋势极为重视。本文根据第二届世界田径锦标赛、第二十四届奥运会和第五届世界杯田径赛的男子标枪比赛前16名运动员的11项主要技术特征,应用多因素非线性映射方法,建立了男子标枪投掷技术分类的数学模型并探索了其发展趋热。