数学专业学生人文素质缺乏成因及对策研究

通过对本院数学专业学生人文素质现状的问卷调查，分析了学生人文素质缺乏的原因，提出了培养和提高学生人文素质的主要途径：加强隐性课程研究、构建通识教育的数学课程模式、挖掘数学课程中蕴涵的人文因素。     

乌鲁木齐市新市区初中年级体育课“习得性无助感”的归因及预防

体育习得性无助感是指个体在经历挫折与失败后,面临问题时所产生的无能为力、丧失信心的心理状态与行为,是儿童或者青少年拒绝参加体育活动,或者仅仅做一次尝试,然后马上退出,继而远离体育,抛弃体育。通过问卷调查的方法收集数据,并根据结果进行统计整理和分析,采用认知训练及系统脱敏训练帮助学生建立自信、引导学生进行积极的自我归因,希望能帮助学生建立正确的体育认知,多位学生创造成功的机会。     

“Useless Schooling” or “Hopeless Schooling”: An Ethnographic Study of Lower-Class Rural Parents’ Perceptions on the Value of Schooling

Abstract

Based on the data collected in a one-year long fieldwork in Zhong, a county located in middle part of China, this article reconsiders the concept of “useless schooling,” which was proposed in recent studies on the perceptions of value of education among lower-class rural residents in China. It calls for a understanding of those changes in the macro social structure, which becomes increasingly stratified, and the emerging patterns of educational opportunity structure in the era of social transformation, and argues that this is the base for the understanding lower-class rural parents’ perceptions on the value of schooling. This article employs Bourdieu’s concept of “habitus” and conceptualizes the process of how lower-class rural residents form their value on school education as a process of structural factors being internalized into individual dispositions. Based on the data collected, this article proposes to use the concept of “hopeless schooling” to capture their perceptions on the value of school education. It emphasizes that the emerging education opportunity structure and differentiated chances of social mobility by different social groups have gradually been transformed into a stratified pattern of “expectations” for education and social mobility, and proposes the need to examine the ongoing solidification of social structure in this period of transformation.