共产国际对我党土地革命战争时期三次“左”倾错误的影响

土地革命战争时期,中共受共产国际"左"倾错误理论及高度集权领导方式的影响,接连发生了瞿秋白"左"倾盲动、李立三"左"倾冒险和王明"左"倾机会主义错误。这三次"左"倾错误的发生使中国革命受到巨大的创伤,险些葬送革命的前途,给中国共产党以深刻的教训。     

Context Effects on Students’ Gains in Reading Comprehension in Reading First Schools in Michigan

Reading First, Part B of Title 1 of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, provides support for states with approved programs to improve the reading achievement of early elementary students in high poverty, chronically low achieving schools. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the Reading First program in the state of Michigan is making progress in meeting this goal after five years of implementation. The study design makes use of the reading comprehension achievement test results for cohorts of students who entered the program in different years and who took the test two or three times while attending a Reading First school in Michigan between 2002 and 2006. The results indicate that overall the students showed significant gains in reading comprehension; further, students with three years in Reading First tended to score higher than those with two years in Reading First. However, students whose socio-demographic characteristics place them at an educational disadvantage (e.g., eligibility for subsidized lunch) made relatively modest gains in reading comprehension. In addition, any negative effects attributable to such student characteristics are compounded when the student body in the school is composed of a large percentage of students with the same characteristic. These results suggest that while a successful program overall, Reading First is not comprehensive enough to counteract the socio-demographic problems of extremely high poverty schools.      

左正则映射和弱左正则映射(英语)

本文定义了BCK—代数的左正则映射和BCI—代数的弱左正则映射,并研究了他们的性质。     

The female human heart at rest and during exercise: A review

Abstract

Sexual dimorphism exists in numerous aspects of exercise physiology. One area that has long been debated is the potential of sex differences in cardiac structure and function. Anthropometric differences exist between males and females, and the relationship between absolute body size and cardiac structure dictate that men typically have larger hearts than women. However, increasing evidence suggests that males and females may also demonstrate different cardiac structure and function independent of body size, and it is likely that female sex hormones play a role in these differences. The purpose of this review is to draw together and examine the literature that has compared cardiac structure and function in men and women at rest and during exercise. We make specific reference to the influence of female sex hormones, and discuss the confounding effects of age and training status. Wherever possible, we provide conclusive remarks. Due to the paucity of data in this field, and general lack of consensus, the review concludes by making recommendations for future work.     

中国现代文学主潮中的涛声--田涛20世纪三四十年代的小说创作

田涛20世纪三四十年代的学创作，始终与中国人民反帝反封建的新民主主义革命运动相呼应，是中国现代学主潮的一部分。从30年代中期对下层人民苦难的真实展示与深切同情，到抗战时代为民族存亡而呐喊与沉思，再到战后回顾性的乡村批判，构成了田涛现实主义的三级跳。在艺术上，田涛最初受到京派和左翼学的影响，后来又追随七月派和社会剖析派，在兼收并蓄中逐渐形成了自己朴实而细腻，悲凉而坚忍的现实主义风格。