News and Communications

ABSTRACT

The author examined how local charter school educators respond to the accountability measures being imposed on them. Encouraged by early indications of increased test scores, state and federal policymakers continue to support accountability as an effective means to improve schools. Surprisingly, there has been little research on local educators’ experiences with and responses to such reforms. This lack of research is striking because teachers, principals, and superintendents are directly responsible for the implementation of accountability mandates, including administering tests, teaching to the state standards, and implementing state-approved curriculum packages. In an effort to understand teachers’ and administrators’ experiences with public school accountability, the author explores how educators in 4 charter schools in Michigan understand recent accountability mandates with respect to school reform.     

Unreliability of Individual Scores in Mental Measurements

Abstract

The effectiveness of the game Order Out was investigated and differences in achievement when a) sets of fraction bars, b) pictorial representations of fraction bars, or c) neither physical nor pictorial aids were made available during the play of the game. The game was played 20 minutes, twice weekly for 5 weeks. The subjects were 85 fifth grade students in four intact classes and 177 seventh grade students in eight intact classes. Pre- and posttests of 40 items were given; in each item, the student ordered a pair of proper fractions. The game was an effective way to improve students’ achievement of the game content. There were no significant achievement differences among treatments. Post-hoc analysis of the data revealed sex-related trends suggesting two hypotheses for further study.     

罗长铭致许承尧遗札

从许承尧收集的近现代名人书札集册中检出罗长铭致许承尧信札17封,诗13首,词22阕。主要有20世纪20年代末至40年代初罗长铭与友人的一些投赠酬答之作和信函,涉及编辑《艺观》《歙县志》《安徽通志》,对《尔雅正义》等古籍的校注及历史人物渐江、沈天士等活动的考证,书画文物的鉴赏,以及与黄宾虹、汪鞠友、张善子、张大千、汪采白、程霖生、江彤侯、李拔可、汪孟邹、过旭初、许玉田、吴绮川等人的交谊。现将其整理加注发表,以期为研究徽学提供一些史料。     

《黑暗的左手》——女性主义与道家思想融合之作

科幻小说《黑暗的左手》反映了作家厄休拉·勒古恩对人类社会及女性问题的思考,她用独特的叙述方法、象征及雌雄同体反映了小说中的女性主义,同时从小说中对黑暗与光明及韩达拉教的诠释反映出了道家无为的思想,她用独特的写作魅力将女性主义与道家思想相融合,诠释了一个和谐统一的异国世界。     

困境中奋进的拉美左翼：现状与挑战

自20世纪末起,在拉美一些主要国家,左翼力量的领导人纷纷通过大选上台执政,并打出了要在拉美构建＂社会主义＂的旗帜,拉美政坛呈现一片耀眼的＂红色＂。目前,这些左翼力量在国家的经济和社会发展方面都提出了一系列比较有效的措施,必将对拉美今后的政治和经济发展产生重大影响。但是,由于国内外各方面条件的限制,拉美地区左翼力量的发展还面临着一系列严峻的挑战,其发展前景依然充满变数。     

不同腹膜通透性对患者营养及心脏结构的影响

目的：探讨持续不卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者不同腹膜转运功能下微炎症的发生情况、心脏结构、营养状况及存活率情况。方法：腹膜透析患者腹膜透析治疗3个月～1年并除外炎症、肿瘤、急性冠脉综合症等伴随疾病的患者人选本研究,通过腹膜平衡试验（PET）判断腹膜通透性,根据试验结果将患者分为2组：高转运、高平均转运的患者为高通透性组（H／A;D／Pcreat≥0．65,D为透析液肌酐浓度,P为血浆肌酐浓度）;低转运和低平均转运患者为低通透性组（L／A;D／P〈0．65）。对入选患者随访26个月或腹膜治疗终点（死亡或转为血液透析或行肾移植）,观察结束检测患者血CRP,了解患者微炎症的发生情况。同时检测患者的血白蛋白、血红蛋白、主观综合营养评估（SGA）、KT／Vurea,心脏B超检查记录各心腔的大小,计算左心室心肌重量指数,并对两组间生存率分析。结果：高通透性组CRP升高（CRP〉5mg／L）的比例大于低通透组（P〈0．05）;营养状况较低通透组差并普遍存在左心室肥大（P〈0．05）,但小分子清除率方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;高通透组2年生存率79．24％,低通透性组两年生存率89．39％。结论：腹膜高通透性患者微炎症的发生率高于低通透性患者,且营养情况差,左心室肥大发生增加,存活率降低,提示我们对腹膜高通透性患者应早期给予干预措施以提高患者存活率、改善预后。     

Commentary: Accountability Policy and Scholarly Research

Since 2001, considerations of school reform have been dominated by performance-based accountability. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) has changed the way policymakers and educators talk about education, look at educational performance, and think about educational challenges. Nonetheless, NCLB and the state accountability systems it has spawned have been subjected to little careful scrutiny. This article discusses four recent research contributions and considers how they might inform policymaking on accountability. While scholarly scrutiny will not necessarily settle debates, it can help yield more constructive and informed decisions. In particular, research can clarify the actual consequences of policy decisions; highlight and refine approaches that may be more reliable, stable, and effective than those in use; flag the unanticipated or overlooked effects of design decisions; and ensure that both policymakers and the public are aware of the costs and benefits of accountability.     

Cochran定理在环上的拓广

在有１的非交换Ｅｕｃｋｌｄ环上拓广了Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎ定理     

优秀女子竞走运动员安静状态下的左室功能研究

左室是心脏完成泵血功能的主要腔室。研究安静状态下优秀女子竞走运动员的左室功能发展水平及与成绩间的内在联系，对于科学选材、训练和竞赛具有十分重要的意义。     

标准化测验对美国社会的影响——以美国国家教育进展评估（NAEP）为例

本文以美国国家教育进展评估（NAEP）为例,探讨标准化测验对美国社会的影响。作者认为,当前标准化测验在美国占据统治地位,国家教育进展评估（NAEP）克服长期以来的教育地方自治的传统,有效地反映了全美各州学生的学习进步状况,受到社会的关注。2001年,《不让一个孩子掉队法案》（The No Child Left Behind Act）出台后,标准化测验的作用进一步强化,对美国教育及教师的行为产生了深远的影响。