数据驱动语言学习——教学模式的转变

对基于语料库的语言教学模式研究的缺乏是目前国内在教学中使用语料库所面临的困难之一。本文介绍并分析了数据驱动语言学习这一基于语料库的语言教学模式,认为这一模式在教学理念,学习内容,以及学习材料等方面与传统的教学模式存在很大的区别,在解决语言学习的自主性,流利性与精确性之间的平衡,以及语法意识激活等方面具有积极的意义。深入理解这一模式的认知理论基础是在实践中有效运用的前提和基础。     

心理词汇研究对外语词汇教学的启示

词汇习得是二语习得中一个很重要的环节,也是外语教学中不可忽视的方面。心理词汇知识的研究对外语词汇教学具有一定的指导作用,有助于学生强化和扩展他们的心理词汇网络,促进外语词汇的习得。     

Do children who acquire word reading without explicit phonics employ compensatory learning? Issues of phonological recoding, lexical orthography, and fluency

Two studies were conducted across three countries to examine samples of beginning readers without systematic explicit phonics who had reached the same level of word reading accuracy as comparison samples with high and moderate explicit phonics. Had they employed any compensatory learning to reach that level? Four hypotheses of compensatory learning or performance were tested on the samples, all of which represented the lower half of the normative distribution of word reading accuracy. The two samples without explicit phonics received teaching that centered on story text reading and some receptive phonics that arose from this text reading. They did not compensate by relatively greater use of a larger psycholinguistic grain size in the form of rime units. Nor did they compensate by trading off comprehension for text word reading accuracy. In a microtraining study, they showed no compensation in proficiency of initial learning of lexical orthographic representations. For all samples, this initial learning was less effective with spelling than reading training trials. In reading text, the samples without explicit phonics did not compensate by trading off speed for accuracy, or comprehension. On the contrary, they read text faster than the explicit phonics samples. The extra classroom instruction time available to them for text reading, with the consequential extra exposure and practice of word reading, would explain this result.     

政治演讲语篇的语言学解构

韩礼德的衔接理论和语域理论认为在相同或相近语域的语篇内,把语篇与情景语境联系起来的衔接机制是具有趋同性的。英国前首相邱吉尔在战时组阁时的就职演说演讲语篇中的衔接机制分布特点印证了这一论述并充分说明了其对语篇解构和赏析的重要作用。     

词汇法教学与语言产出

近年来,第二语言习得研究者越来越关注学习者词汇能力的产出及提高,特别是在词汇和句法之间存在的同时兼有词汇和句法特征的板块结构,即词块,由此有人提出了词汇法教学．本文将词块及词汇法教学领域的主要研究作一综述,然后结合词块自身的特点,分析如何利用词块教学来提高学习者语言产出的能力,即英语口语能力及写作能力。     

基于知网的词汇集聚分析

词汇集聚提供了文本的结构启示,因而在许多自然语言处理中有极为重要的应用。介绍基于知网分析词汇集聚的方法,首先利用语义网络的形式将知网知识表示出来;然后在文本概念间有引导地建立推理路径;最后基于路径搜索形成体现集聚的词汇链。测试表明,基于知网推理形成的词汇链基本符合人的直觉,准确率较高。     

Cohesive harmony in the written stories of elementary children

The use of cohesion in the written stories of normally developing and language-learning disabled elementary children was studied using Cohesive Harmony Analysis. The proportion of words in chains (cohesive density) and chain interaction (cohesive harmony) was consistent across the elementary years. However, children with language-learning disabilities evidenced significantly less cohesive density and cohesive harmony, and they included significantly fewer characters and fewer types of verbal processes in their stories. Educational implications are discussed.     

从"昭君出塞"探讨中华民族的凝聚力

昭君出塞是汉匈两族从战争走向和平道路、中华民族凝聚力不断增强的结果；同时，昭君出塞对维护边疆地区的安定与和平，促进社会经济与文化的发展，增强中华民族的凝聚力，也做出了重要的历史贡献。     

Phonological involvement in the processing of Japanese at the lexical and sentence levels

The present study examined whether Japanesereaders activate phonological information whenreading kanji compound words and sentences andif so, how they do it. Experiment 1 usedtwo-kanji compound words in a lexical decisiontask to study phonological processing at thelexical level. When nonwords werepseudo-homophones (/roR hi/ in placeof the real word /roR hi/), reactiontimes were longer and more errors occurred thanwith nonwords in the control group(/saku hi/). Experiment 2required participants to detect misspellings(i.e., incorrect kanji combinations) oftwo-kanji compound stimuli embedded insentences. In the detection task of misspelledkanji, no homophonic effect was apparent. Experiment 3 used a semantic decision task. Included in this task were semantically similarbut incorrect kanji compound words used asfillers in sentences (e.g.,meaning `The building you can see over there was facilitated by my friend' instead of designed) as well as the sentences used inExperiment 2. Results from Experiment 3indicated that participants could reject asentence as incorrect more quickly whenpseudo-homophones were embedded in thesentences rather than nonwords. These resultssuggest that readers activate phonologicalinformation of two-kanji compound words whenreading for comprehension but not for simpleproofreading.     

“通感”与词汇发展——以“清”的发展演变为例

“通感”不仅是一种具有丰富表现力的修辞方式,也是一种汉语词义引中和词汇生成的重要途径和方式。以“清”为例,通过使用“通感”,“清”“从原有描述视觉感受的“明朗”义分别引申出了描述听觉感受的“清脆、空灵”义和描述触觉感受的“冷、凉”义,并进而形成了相关复合词。其它如“亮、尖、苦、厚、圆滑、逶迤”等词也均通过“通感”而发生了词义引申并生成新的复合词。