试析语篇间的信息结构及粘着性——关于英语写作与修改

英语文章的写作与修改有很多种方法 ,从英语语篇间的信息结构及粘着性进行分析 ,是另一种途径 ,它可给初学者提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

大学英语词汇教学方法探讨

词汇是语言的最小意义单位,人类思维活动和思想交流首先是依靠词汇进行的.笔者对大学英语词汇教学的方法进行了一些研讨,主要有"加工层次理论"教学法、"习惯性搭配"教学法、"图示理论"教学法、"语境分析"教学法、"意义理论"教学法.     

Word-reading and word-spelling styles of French beginners: Do all children learn to read and spell in the same way?

This article explores the styles of word reading and word spelling used by beginning readers in the French language. The aim of the study was to find out whether sub-lexical and lexical styles of reliance, which has been observed in children learning to read and spell in English, exists in French, a language with a more transparent orthography. A sample of 159 subjects were assessed on their reading and spelling of regular words, irregular words and nonwords. Cluster analyses on reading/spelling performances led us to identify various profiles, among which sub-lexical and lexical styles could be discerned. These profiles were then compared across a set of linguistic tasks in order to look for factors that might be related to individual differences in reading/spelling styles. Overall, our findings suggest that quantitative level differences explain most individual variation in literacy. These results are discussed in relation to developmental models of reading and spelling in different orthographic systems.     

A reliable FAQ retrieval system using a query log classification technique based on latent semantic analysis

To obtain high performances, previous works on FAQ retrieval used high-level knowledge bases or handcrafted rules. However, it is a time and effort consuming job to construct these knowledge bases and rules whenever application domains are changed. To overcome this problem, we propose a high-performance FAQ retrieval system only using users’ query logs as knowledge sources. During indexing time, the proposed system efficiently clusters users’ query logs using classification techniques based on latent semantic analysis. During retrieval time, the proposed system smoothes FAQs using the query log clusters. In the experiment, the proposed system outperformed the conventional information retrieval systems in FAQ retrieval. Based on various experiments, we found that the proposed system could alleviate critical lexical disagreement problems in short document retrieval. In addition, we believe that the proposed system is more practical and reliable than the previous FAQ retrieval systems because it uses only data-driven methods without high-level knowledge sources.     

Onyx: A Linked Data approach to emotion representation

Extracting opinions and emotions from text is becoming increasingly important, especially since the advent of micro-blogging and social networking. Opinion mining is particularly popular and now gathers many public services, datasets and lexical resources. Unfortunately, there are few available lexical and semantic resources for emotion recognition that could foster the development of new emotion aware services and applications. The diversity of theories of emotion and the absence of a common vocabulary are two of the main barriers to the development of such resources. This situation motivated the creation of Onyx, a semantic vocabulary of emotions with a focus on lexical resources and emotion analysis services. It follows a linguistic Linked Data approach, it is aligned with the Provenance Ontology, and it has been integrated with the Lexicon Model for Ontologies (lemon), a popular RDF model for representing lexical entries. This approach also means a new and interesting way to work with different theories of emotion. As part of this work, Onyx has been aligned with EmotionML and WordNet-Affect.     

Prefix identification in the reading of Dutch bisyllabic words

Two experiments were conducted in order to explore the role of prefix identification in the reading of Dutch bisyllabic words. Although Dutch orthography is highly regular, several deviations from a one-to-one correspondence exist. A case in point is the grapheme E which can represent the vowels ε, e and œ in polysyllabic words. In Experiment 1, 33 third-grade children and 46 sixth-grade children were presented a list of randomly ordered bisyllabic words starting with the letter string BE and the first syllable being (1) a real prefix, (2) a phonological prefix (same sound pattern as a prefix), or (3) a pseudoprefix (sound pattern deviant from a prefix). Pseudowords starting with the same letter string were also presented. The results showed that words starting with a real or a phonological prefix were identified more accurately than words starting with a pseudoprefix. For the pseudowords, a predominant interpretation of the first part as a prefix was also evidenced. In Experiment 2, a lexical decision task was administered to 35 third-grade children, 33 sixth-grade children, and 26 adults. Words with a phonological prefix and words with a pseudoprefix were randomly presented along with other word types. The data showed both children and adults to retrieve words with phonological prefixes more quickly and more accurately than words with a pseudoprefix. The results are discussed with reference to current models of word decoding.     

从《晏子春秋》"刷"的词义演变谈起

本文《晏子春秋》中“刷”的用法、词义入手，分析了诸如“梳”、“义”、“穿”、“戴”等一系列词语演变的轨迹，探讨了在词义缩减中人们的思堆联想在义住和义素两个层面上起的作用。     

论译者的语篇意识的重要性

翻译是一种交际过程,在这一过程中起作用的不是一个个孤零零的词或句子,而是这些词句组成的语篇,词句的交际功能只能通过语篇得以实现,因此,我们必须将原语与目的语的研究扩展到语篇层次,突破以词论词,以句论句的研究方法.     

英语中的歧义现象及其成因

从词汇层面和句法层面对英语中的歧义现象及其成因进行具体、深入地分析和探讨,以帮助人们更加深刻地理解英语中的歧义现象,从而在使用英语过程中避免歧义的产生。     

On document relevance and lexical cohesion between query terms

Lexical cohesion is a property of text, achieved through lexical-semantic relations between words in text. Most information retrieval systems make use of lexical relations in text only to a limited extent. In this paper we empirically investigate whether the degree of lexical cohesion between the contexts of query terms’ occurrences in a document is related to its relevance to the query. Lexical cohesion between distinct query terms in a document is estimated on the basis of the lexical-semantic relations (repetition, synonymy, hyponymy and sibling) that exist between there collocates – words that co-occur with them in the same windows of text. Experiments suggest significant differences between the lexical cohesion in relevant and non-relevant document sets exist. A document ranking method based on lexical cohesion shows some performance improvements.