Assisting with Information Technology in East Africa

Summary

There are opportunities for Law Librarians, no matter what their position, to assist with the development of information technology in many interesting locations throughout the world. This article describes two such opportunities experienced by the author in East Africa. The article also provides a starting place for those who wish to become involved as well as listing some issues one should take into consideration when considering such an opportunity.     

Tsunami early warnings via Twitter in government: Net-savvy citizens' co-production of time-critical public information services

Governments aim to mitigate natural hazards' impacts through a disaster early warning system. Drawing on citizen co-production theory and resilient information infrastructures framework, we empirically examined government use of Twitter Tsunami Early Warning Civic Network and citizens' roles in co-providing timely and actionable information. The Indonesian government issued its tsunami early warning Tweet, which was “re-tweeted” without delay by its followers to their own followers to warn tsunami hazards during the 2012 earthquake. Within 15 min it reached over 4 million Twitter users. Based on our case study and social network analysis of Twitter information flows and exchanges within the network, we found that the speed and enormous reach of the government's Twitter tsunami early warnings would be significantly less without citizens' direct participation in re-tweeting, hence influencing greater control of the network. We present evidence for net-savvy citizens' co-production effects on increased government efficiency in providing time-critical public information services.     

Gender differences in the communication values of mature adults

Contrary to the “different cultures” view of men's and women's communication, prior research on communication values has found only small sex differences in the value placed on various affective and instrumental skills. However, this research has been criticized because college students' values may not reflect those of older individuals, and because it has failed to examine the influence of psychological gender (femininity and masculinity). In the current study, 153 men and 151 women over the age of 40 completed the Communication Functions Questionnaire (a measure of value for eight communication skills), as well as the Bern Sex Role Inventory (a measure of femininity and masculinity). Consistent with past research, sex differences in communication values were few and small. Femininity and masculinity were positively associated with most communication values, and mediatedmost of the observed sex differences.     

论哈尔滨近代化外报格局的形成和影响

外报来华是中国新闻传播史上的重要现象,东北地区尤其是哈尔滨外报在时间、特点等方面较关内地区不同,形成了20世纪初期十年哈尔滨报业独具的特色。在哈外报在充当宣传工具的同时刺激了国人报刊的出现,俄日机关报、国人民营报奠定了日后一二十年代的新闻事业格局,政治控制和文化传播作为显隐的影响一直持续到在华外报消失。     

一位中学语文特级教师的专业认同研究

文章采用个案研究的方法,探究了一位中学语文特级教师是如何建构其作为学科专家、教学专家、教育专家的认同．如何不断地往返“结构一能动”之间反思地建构其专业认同的。研究结果发现,Z老师专业认同经历了一个从被动顺服、觉醒反思到主动创造的建构、解构和重构过程。其在有为的执著与无为的洒脱之间的游走有着鲜明的时代烙印。Z老师专业认同建构的能动性不仅表现在他对自己专业知能和教育理念的提升、发展和修正,还表现在他与结构互动中在行动上的审时度势、深思熟虑和灵活性。     

论检察机关的地位

检察机关应当定位为法律监督机关,还是定位为公诉机关,一直是司法改革中有争论的问题。文章通过分析我国国家的权力结构,认为我国的检察权是专门的法律监督权。并且指出我们一方面要分清楚检察权与立法权、司法权的界限,明确中纪委监督、人大监督、行政监督和检察院法律监督的关系,防止检察权的过分扩张;另一方面要加强检察机关的合法的法律监督职能,从而更好的打击各种犯罪。     

“《大刚报》是唯一的一家合作社性质的民间报纸”——范长江对《大刚报》评价的原因及历史检视

本文从范长江对《大刚报》这张民营报纸的评价出发,梳理范长江与《大刚报》以青记和国新社为沟通桥梁而建立起来的关系,探讨中国共产党在国统区的舆论宣传斗争的策略是将报刊宣传与统战工作密切结合起来,以《大刚报》为例证聚拢民主进步分子,以及进步势力对报纸的渗透和掌控。着重分析范长江对《大刚报》评价"合作社性质的民间报纸"的原因,从合作社的由来和发展两个层面归纳《大刚报》合作社性质的特点,即权威力量的转换和不结盟的开放性。     

内蒙古地区近代报业的开端——兼论内蒙古最早的近代报纸《婴报》

1905年,第一份近代报纸《婴报》在内蒙古卓索图盟喀喇沁右旗创办,标志着蒙古地区近代报业的开端。《婴报》现已无存,本文对《婴报》的创办者、办报模式、所用文字、内容与稿源、印刷发行情况及停办时间等问题进行了考辨,描述了内蒙古地区报业起步阶段的基本情况,探讨了民族地区报刊的独特之处。     

论网络背景下报纸与读者之间的互动

本文以《都市快报》为例,探讨传统纸质媒体如何结合网络传播,与受众进行互动,并将这种特点体现到具体的新闻报道中去。     

解放前我国《申报》奥运报道分析

旧中国曾先后三次出席奥运会,均无功而返,但当时的新闻界却给予了极大关注和支持.上海《申报》是解放前我国出版时间最长、影响最大的中文商业报刊,也是对奥运报道着力甚多的报刊之一.解放前《申报》的奥运报道具有如下特点:报道体现了国人的鲜明立场和倾向、报道深度和广度不断增加、时效性增强有赖于电子技术的运用、报道业务不断提高、新闻图片的使用为报道增色.《申报》通过奥运报道宣传奥林匹克运动,传播奥林匹克知识和奥林匹克精神,开阔国人视野,振奋民族精神,凝聚民族情感,对于促进我国社会进步、体育事业发展具有重要意义.