School experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment in Namibia

Although the provision of life-saving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment is central to the medical and policy response to the HIV pandemic, relatively little research in the SADC region and in Namibia particularly, attends to HIV-positive people's experiences and the social effects of taking ARV treatment, with children being least focused on. The study from which the paper is drawn contributes to this dearth by examining the experiences of HIV-positive high school learners on ARV treatment in Khomas Region, Namibia. The study adopted a qualitative case study design based mainly on individual interviews with a purposive, select sample of eight learners at the site school where one of the authors is a teacher-counsellor. Pervasive stigma and discrimination in school notwithstanding, learner journeys reflect shifts from deep despair towards the emergence of voice, positive self-concept, as well as resilient dispositions and behaviour.Using a theory of health-related stigma and discrimination, this paper does two things. First, it contributes to understanding the complex reciprocal relationship between cause and effect of stigma and the attendant discriminatory practices emerging from ‘othering’ and marking the ‘other’ as aberrant. Second, it raises pressing questions on the place and position of schools and teachers in high HIV prevalence contexts, characterized by pervasive stigma and discrimination and where stable family structures, parental oversight and ‘normal’ progression through school cannot be assumed. It raises questions on the nature and form of school support necessary to positively contribute to learner well-being and school completion for those HIV positive and on ARV treatment.     

The US Intelligence Community's Mathematical Ideology of Technical Communication

Reading historical intelligence community documents primarily through the lens of Kenneth Burke's essay “Semantic and Poetic Meaning,” this article explores the history and stakes of the intelligence community's ongoing commitment to a problematic model of language use. The essay argues that the intelligence community's pursuit of a “mathematical” ideology of language is an attempt to render language “neutral” and to divorce rhetoric from ethics in ways that Burke anticipated, and with negative consequences for the generation of written intelligence reports and national policy decisions.     

With strings attached: Gift-giving to the International Atomic Energy Agency and US foreign policy

In 1958 the United States of America offered two mobile radioisotope laboratories to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as gifts. For the USA, supplying the IAEA with gifts was not only the cost of “doing business” in the new nuclear international setting of the Cold War, but also indispensable in maintaining authority and keeping the upper hand within the IAEA and in the international regulation of nuclear energy. The transformation of a technoscientific artefact into a diplomatic gift with political strings attached for both giver and receiver, positions the lab qua gift as a critical key that simultaneously unlocks the overlapping histories of international affairs, Cold War diplomacy, and postwar nuclear science. Embracing political epistemology as my primary methodological framework and introducing the gift as a major analytic category, I emphasize the role of material objects in modeling scientific research and training in a way that is dictated by diplomatic negotiations, state power, and international legal arrangements.     

探索改革高校校报的新途径

把校报作为校园文化建设一个突出品牌的改革思路,是要把校园的文化活动、文化氛围、文化底蕴、文化育人的诸多方面作为校报的核心内容,以文化品位的提升来追求新闻价值与宣传价值的最佳结合,才是高校校报焕发青春、彰显活力的可行之路。     

报纸消息标题与通讯标题的差异

报纸消息标题与通讯标题的差异,主要表现在:在与新闻事实的关联度上,前者密切,后者较松散;在形式表现上,从句型句式、结构形式到破折号使用、标题长度,二者区别明显;在审美要求上,从功能、艺术手段运用到主体意识强弱,二者区别明显。     

Tradition, tension, and transformation: a structuration analysis of a game warden service in transition

Independence and competence define the traditional characteristics of a game warden. External pressure to transform the game warden service into a more culturally and ethnically diverse state law enforcement agency, however, creates tensions surrounding these characteristics in the organization's structurationally defined agency and reflexivity of law enforcement; duality of structure in office memos and citation counts; social integration and institutional reproduction of law enforcement training, use of decoys, and search and seizure procedures; and time-space distanciation of working a 40-hour week or having complete responsibility for a territory. The present study examined how these tensions interact with the traditional assumptions of independence and competence to transform the meaning of these characteristics, and of the game warden service itself.     

临沧教育学院成人大学生思想教育的特点与综合评价

调查结果显示,临沧教育学院成人大学生具有积极、健康向上的思想政治主流。但是,我院成人大学生思想和行为中的不健康因素仍不容忽视。我们要从成人大学生的思想行为特点出发,加强和改进我院成人大学生思想政治教育,提高我校"两课"教育教学的针对性和实效性。     

论临沧各族人民在抗日战争中的贡献

世界反法西斯战争中，中国战场是重要战场之一。中国八年的抗日战争中，云南滇西战场是重要战场之一。在全国各战区的重大战役中，在抢修“滇西公路”、“滇缅铁路”中，在支援和参与滇西反攻战歼灭日军的激战中，临沧各族人民付出了巨大的代价，作出了巨大的贡献。     

夫妻日常家事代理

日常家事代理制度是规范夫妻关系的一项重要制度,在满足夫妻共同生活、维护财产交易安全和保障第三人利益方面极具价值。而我国法律在此方面尚属空白。本文通过对英美法系、大陆法系法律制度的引用、分析,对夫妻日常家事代理进行理论探讨,希望对我国的法律规定能有所裨益。     

Enabling transformation through critical engagement and reflexivity: a case study of South African academics

ABSTRACT

Scholars writing on agency argue that normally, individuals who experience social structures as comfortable will tend to want to reproduce them while those who experience these structures as oppressive will want to change them. This is a bleak outlook because it suggests that those in positions of power and influence are less likely to seek to overhaul the very system of rewards and punishments that benefits them. However, there are exceptions to this pattern: instances where those who experience the structures as comfortable, nevertheless, work at transforming them. This article introduces an alternative perspective to current transformation discourses by seeking to understand why such exceptions exist. It argues that critical engagement is an important dimension of such transformation, and examines how it interacts with reflexivity to shape individual choices and reformulate interest. Drawing on a hermeneutic phenomenological analysis of in-depth interviews with 10 academics who have been identified as agents of change at one university in South Africa, we reveal how individuals are able to shift their understanding of what is or is not in their interest in a context where raced, gendered and classed interests are deeply embedded in the fabric of the society. In such contexts, reflexivity and critical personal engagement with one’s context can lead to a shift in interest and then consciousness as the individual comes to see and experience things from a different vantage point, opening up the possibility for a changed relationship with the social structure and its constraints and determining influence.