统筹兼顾方法研究述评

统筹兼顾是科学发展的根本方法.试图对统筹兼顾方法的研究成果作一个粗浅的梳理,从历史发展顺序和逻辑结构相结合的角度对统筹兼顾方法的哲学基础、理论渊源、价值特色及用以解决的主要矛盾和问题进行了探讨,以避免目前单纯按照历史发展顺序进行研究的局限.     

案例教学法在高等师范院校《英语教学法》教学中的应用

随着基础教育新课程改革和义务教育经费保障机制改革的全面实施,基础教育教师的素质及专业发展,已成为社会各界关注的焦点。高等师范院校《英语教学法》在师范教育课程设置中占有重要地位,许多师范院校正在进行师范课程的整改,以培养具有先进教学理念的创新型教师。应采用案例教学模式,选取合适的教学案例进行课堂分析、讨论与实践,通过探究性学习方式的运用,使英语师范生从表面层次的理论知识学习向深层次上的教学理念的形成,进而为其教师职业技能的发展奠定良好的基础。     

《湖南农民运动考察报告》中思想政治教育的方法论意蕴

《湖南农民运动考察报告》在毛泽东的众多著作中占据极其显著的地位,它不仅包含着丰富的具体理论和内容,也蕴含着深邃的方法论思想。从思想政治教育视角剖析《湖南农民运动考察报告》可以发现其蕴含着丰富的方法论思想,例如调查研究方法、注重群众力量工作方法、具体问题具体分析方法、问题意识以及创新思维的工作方法等等。认真学习和领会这些方法对于今后一个时期做好思想政治教育工作具有重要的方法论借鉴意义。     

我国图书馆学研究方法的现状与思考

文章主要从我国图书馆学的研究方法入手,对研究方法的历史与现状进行了分析,并着重对目前我国图书馆学研究方法中存在的问题提出了参考性的建议。     

Comfort assessment of running footwear: Does assessment type affect inter-session reliability?

Assessing comfort of running footwear reliably is challenging. The purpose of this study was to compare the intra-rater reliability between different assessment types, to calculate intra-individual reliability scores and to evaluate the effect of rater selection based on individual reliability scores on group level reliability. Three assessment types: ranking, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Likert Scale (LS) were provided twice in six separate sessions among 30 participants, who assessed comfort of five shoes after treadmill running. Spearman's rho provided an evaluation of inter-session relative reliability and typical error as a measure of absolute reliability for each assessment type. Ranking (r?=?0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.78) yielded the highest relative reliability for overall comfort, followed by VAS (r?=?0.67, 95% CI 0.56–0.75) and LS (r?=?0.63, 95% CI 0.52–0.72), with large-scale overlaps of CIs between assessment types. The same order of assessment types was found for the percentage of reliable raters (r?≥?0.7) with 60% in ranking scale, 47% in VAS and 37% in LS. Forming subgroups corresponding to the intra-individual reliability substantially increased group level reliabilities. Based on measures of relative reliability, an extreme reduction in resolution as provided by the ranking from pairwise comparisons seems to be a valuable tool in footwear comfort assessments if assessment time is of minor importance. No preference can be provided for the two investigated rating scales. Besides the assessment type, a selection of the best raters in additional reliability checks seems to be a prerequisite for further comfort-related studies.     

孔子德育方法论:"下学而上达"的内涵及影响

孔子以德育方法论“下学而上达”为指导,在德育活动中取得了显著的成效。后世学者、教育家不仅在理论上不断对“下学而上达”思想进行阐述,既探讨了“下学而上达”的内涵,又探讨了“下学”与“上达”的关系,而且还在教育实践中贯彻实行了“下学而上达”的思想。在现代社会的德育活动中,“下学”可以理解为个体与环境的互动和个体的道德实践,“上达”则理解为形成符合时代要求的高尚道德品质。研究孔子德育方法论“下学而上达”的内涵,能够为当前如何解决德育实效性问题提供有益的思路。     

Researching up and across in physical education and sport pedagogy: methodological lessons learned from an intergenerational narrative inquiry

Of issue in this paper are the ways in which different forms of narrative may be of value in undertaking research in potentially thorny situations. The project that inspired this paper saw 30 Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy (PESP) Early Career Academics (ECAs) from more than 20 universities across Australasia, North America and Europe, provide narrative accounts of their ongoing academic experiences. From these stories, three letters seeking advice and guidance from leaders in the field were constructed. Following further feedback from the ECAs, the 3 letters were sent to 11 professors in the PESP field with a request to respond, also in letter form. The composite letters and the professorial responses were then the subject of a symposium at an international PESP conference. While the larger project engages with questions of being and becoming an academic in the neoliberal university, this paper is primarily concerned with methodological issues, including our steps and missteps with narrative, inquiry and the field. More specifically, the focus is on narrative as both the method and phenomena of study. As such, we consider issues associated with using dialogue as data, the provocation of participants, as well as both the presentation and representation of data and the relative power of the participants. In doing so, we critically engage with issues of anonymity (or lack thereof), the practice of ‘researching up’ and finally reach the conclusion that the careful approach to data generation, treatment and presentation necessitated by this project, should be a more regular feature of all qualitative inquiry.     

A post-social conceptual framework for exploring object narratives in sport organisations

In this article we propose a theoretical framework for narrative analysis that gives voice to objects in sport organisations. Despite considerable interest in the symbolic and mnemonic potency of some sporting objects – most notably memorabilia – many organisational objects go unnoticed, whilst little attention has been paid to methods for gathering stories from inanimate objects. We suggest that material objects in sport organisations participate in narrative production and therefore constitute a rich investigative site. We adopt a post-social approach to narrative methodology where objects are recognised as non-human actors in organisational sense-making, not as narrative repositories that ‘contain’ stories and memories. A three-domain research framework is developed recommending an approach to eliciting an object narrative within a sport organisation. First, object materiality exposes the significant networks of forces, materials and people – and therefore episodes and actors – that engage with and through objects. Second, since people and objects are enmeshed in sequenced, workplace activities, object practice allows organisational agents to define what stories objects can tell whilst objects reciprocally bound the scope of human performance. Third, object biography provides a strategy to map the connections and transitions that occur over the lifecourse of an object, which reveals a changing web of organisational relations.     

当代中国行政法学的功能缺陷与法学方法论上的救治

一个成熟的行政法学学科应该具有理论体系的科学性和完整性;成熟而稳定的方法论等。中国行政法学无疑是存在着功能性的缺陷,这些功能缺陷与行政法学方法论所存在的缺陷有关。因此,革新行政法学的方法论就成为中国行政法学未来发展的路径和突破口,方法论的多元主义是行政法学的最佳选择。     

The Application of a Multiple Measurement Approach to Investigate the Effects of a Dance Program on Educable Mentally Retarded Adolescents

Abstract

Little evidence exists to assess the effects of dance training on special populations. Research in this field has relied on pretest-posttest methods for gathering data. While such data gathering methods may be appropriate for particular research problems, alone they may be inadequate for broad-based, exploratory investigations of programs and effects. The present study is an example of a multiple measurement approach that uses eight measurements, in combination, to answer four research questions regarding the physical and social effects that occur when a group of educable mentally retarded adolescents is exposed to a 10-week dance program. The findings revealed that four students showed improvement in both social and physical behaviors, seven students showed improvement in either social or physical behaviors, and two students showed no improvement. There was no evidence of a “transfer effect” due to participation in the program, and some students' behaviors were affected by external factors. The authors found the approach useful for identifying multiple effects and generating hypotheses for further study.