有机合成反应选择性及其控制策略

有机合成是化学研究领域中最具有魅力的。结构复杂、性质多元、应用广泛的有机物及其合成方法学,让人赞叹与探求。文章用科学方法论总结了有机合成中的化学选择性、区域选择性和立体选择性的规律及其热力学和动力学控制策略,提出了综合利用其控制原理解释或预测竞争性反应产物的基本方法。     

新形势下危机领导的路径依赖模型

领导干部应对危机事件的能力日显重要,是加强党执政能力建设的重要方面,已成为新时期评价领导干部能力的重要内容。探究危机领导,构建有中国特质的危机领导方式成为新的研究期待。在研究过程中,从哲学方法论上追寻领导危机的路径依赖,利用其价值和事实两个层面论证契合领导危机的诉求。厘析传统型危机领导的路径依赖模型,在对传统型加以借鉴的同时,运用＂三论合一＂、＂源流共治＂的理论及方法,构建新形势下对危机有效领导的路径依赖模型。     

Maternal history of child maltreatment and maternal depression risk in the perinatal period: A longitudinal study

Existing research is limited, with only a few studies considering each single type and multiple types of child maltreatment (CM) as well as multiple assessments of maternal depression throughout the perinatal period. The purpose of the study was to assess each type and accumulative types of CM in relation to the risk of maternal depression throughout the perinatal period. In total, 276 pregnant women were recruited from the prenatal clinic at a general hospital in China. Maternal CM history and depression risk were assessed at late pregnancy, postpartum week 1, and postpartum week 4 using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The GEE showed that physical and emotional neglect and multiple types of CM were associated with higher overall depression risk across the perinatal period. The multinomial regression models showed physical neglect and multiple types of CM predicted higher risk of both antepartum and postpartum depression. Emotional and sexual abuse and emotional neglect predicted antepartum depression risk, while none of the three types of CM predicted postpartum depression risk. Physical abuse did not predict antepartum and postpartum depression risk. The findings suggest that maternal history of child physical and emotional neglect play significant roles in perinatal depression risk with physical neglect as the most important predictor. Routine screening for maternal CM history and depression risk in prenatal clinics is needed to aid in the early detection and treatment of depression.     

Working with rules: lived democracy in school

This study focuses on an attempt by a Swedish secondary school teacher to fashion a more participatory education situation by involving his students in deciding the rules for their group work. Five group sessions were video recorded and examined using a conversation–analytic approach. The findings show a complex interplay between democratic and undemocratic elements in the interaction between the teacher and the students, as well as among the students themselves. Throughout the material, the students often reconnected to the democratic discourse of the teacher and employed it for various purposes. This also meant that the students’ work with the assignment was sometimes set aside. However, because it can be assumed that the students pick up new democratic competencies as they partake in the sessions, the teacher's participatory agenda can still be defended. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research.     

基于研究过程的图书馆学方法论创新研究

本文从分析图书馆学方法论研究现状入手,提出图书馆学方法论研究需要创新:方法论体系创新和专门方法创新,即基于研究过程的方法论体系创新和若干新的研究方法。     

远程教育中英语教学法课程教学设计问题的探讨

本文是在研究一些关于远程教育和现代远程教育的基本理念及它们在外语教学法中的意义等方面理论的基础上,又结合着课程的实际情况,进一步探讨了远程教育中关于英语教学法课程的教学一体化设计、教学模式及对学习者的要求等问题。以便于仁者见仁,智者见智,以达到共同提高的目的。     

顾颉刚疑古学浅论

顾颉刚先生是我国现代“疑古”运动的代表性人物,顾先生的治学方法论有“中”,“西”嫁接的特点,他所选择的中、西两端的代表,一为胡适,一为崔述,顾先生“层累说”受到了崔述较深的影响,其治学方法也和崔述一样,一方面能够将史事的“原始状”与“传衍状”相分离,另一方面,亦由于过分强调史料的“当下性”而忽视了史料的“滞后性”,致使顾先生在疑古的具体操作中不免出现了某些误区。     

余暇体育研究的理论框构

从余暇体育产生的背景、体育娱乐的内涵和结构,以及与其相适应的观念转变等方面出发,提出了余暇体育研究的理论框架,并对方法论和有关概念作了说明及界定。     

群众体育管理体制发展的自组织分析

用文献资料法、比较分析法以及自组织方法论，研究分析我国竞技体育与群众体育管理体制特点，提出如何取竞技体育管理体制的长处，发展群众体育，以及如何处理竞技体育和群众体育关系，使两者相互协调，互相促进，最终形成体育自身发展机制。     

运动训练设计思想中的方法论

当前运动训练实践中存在的重要问题之一，是有的教练员与科研人员尚缺乏熟练运用唯物辩证法指导运动训练设计与服务的能力。采用文献资料法、逻辑思维法等方法，较系统地阐述了运动训练设计思想中的相关哲学原理与生理基础，论述了运动训练关于对立统一、质量互变和否定之否定等基本规律的哲学思辩。