The effect of modality shifts on proactive interference in long-term memory

Two experiments examined the effects of shifts in the modality on proactive interference in long-term memory. In Experiment 1 subjects learned a 40-word list presented in one of two forms of auditory/visual change—blocked or random. In the blocked conditions, learners were presented half the words in one modality followed by the remaining 20 words in the other modality. Subjects in random conditions also received 20 nouns in each modality, but the presentation was random. Following a delay, all subjects completed an 80-item recognition test. Analysis of these data showed a definite effect (p < .001) for the random change in modality when compared to the blocked presentation. As predicted, distinct reduction in serial position effects was found with the modality of presentation was random. In contrast, the blocked presentation produced two well-defined serial position curves. In Experiment 2 the effects of a shift in the modality of presentation on proactive interference were studied with high and low conceptual rigid subjects. Four similar prose passages were presented with a modality shift taking place in the last passage in a shift condition. Subjects in nonshift conditions were presented the passages exclusively in either the auditory or visual mode. The results showed that a shift in the modality of presentation of a prose passage provided a powerful releaser from proactive interference. The superior performance of rigid thinkers regardless of experimental group membership was explained in terms of organizational memory strategies.     

以因特网为介质的市场导向过程(IMO)

INO是一个以互联网为介质、信息丰富、无缝、快捷、跨边界的收集、传播和响应市场信息的过程。它给企业带来目标营销计划的有效执行、顾客服务的改善、营销成本的降低等方面的直接利益，进而间接地提高企业总体经营绩效。因此渴望通过卓越的营销活动提高经营绩效的企业应该执行INO过程。     

译者行为批评中的译评者类型研究——以莫言小说日译评价争议为例

本文结合莫言小说日译评价争议,研究译者行为批评中的译评者类型,指出有必要认识和区分“专业译评者”和“非专业译评者”及其译评类型｡ 译评者的务实目标影响其对译文质量的评价｡ 同时,译者也有其务实目标和目标读者定位｡当译评者与译者务实目标一致,译评者正好是译者定位的目标读者,译评呈现好评,反之为差评,皆为印象式译评｡专业译评者应采取描写式动态评价,辨析译者务实目标,考察译文是否吸引到译者定位的目标读者｡     

高考落榜后——论莫言小说中的回乡知青的生存困境

莫言的小说《欢乐》与《球状闪电》共同勾勒了一类群体——高考落榜后的回乡知识青年。他们身处农村环境构成的无物之阵,在城与乡的对比中饱含痛苦与绝望,而这又不仅是他们个人的悲剧命运,作为历史的群体性产物,更值得给予更多侧目与深究。     

鲁班墨翟综合研究的意义

鲁班是手工业技艺和发明创造型人物,表现中国劳动者积极进取、勇于创新的精神;墨翟是手工业技艺升华为科学理论的启蒙者,表现中华先哲崇尚科学、以人为本的精神;鲁班、墨翟是中国古代手工业技术和理论的智慧共同体。班墨的创新和科学精神,是中国传统文化的闪光点,对中华民族精神产生了深远持久的影响,是实现科教兴国和民族复兴的历史借鉴与精神动力。     

Paired associate task performance effects of ability and perceived prize probability

A study was conducted to determine the performance effects of ability grouping and perceived probability of attaining a prize in a Paired-associate (PA) task. Sixty undergraduate students were pretested for PA ability and divided into high, medium, and low ability groups for random assignment to control (no prize probability), low prize probability, and high prize probability treatment groups. The dependent measure was the number of correct responses over four trials for intentional learning and number of correct responses on a single test for the incidental learning condition. Results of two-way ANOVA supported the hypothesis that performance in a PA task is affected by subject's ability and perceived probability of attaining a prize.     

莫言对酒神精神的追寻与逃离——谈《红高粱》的双重品格

从《红高粱》中我们可以看到莫言对传统儒家文化的反叛与对酒神精神的渴望。莫言生长在山东 ,深受齐鲁文化的熏陶 ,他的反叛与追寻终与齐鲁文化相联系。在齐鲁文化中占主导的儒家思想中蕴藏着一种富有特质的酒神精神 ,这种酒神精神造就了莫言的反叛与对酒神精神的深层挖掘。莫言在作品中极力张扬酒神精神的同时 ,又不时地显露出超逸的情怀。因为他意识到酒神精神不仅有光辉灿烂的一面 ,亦有其缺乏理性的一面。这种情怀与他对酒神精神的追寻形成了《红高梁》的双重品格     

谈墨子的辩论艺术

墨子的辩论艺术是我国古代辩论科学的精华。他的辩论朴实无华，论证严密，说理清晰，讲科学，重实践。文章从“假”、“譬”、“援”、“止”、“推”五个方面来探讨墨子高超的辩论艺术。     

MO／PVA薄膜的三阶非线性光学特性实验教学研究

该实验采用简并四波混频法研究了MO／PVA（甲基橙染料掺杂聚乙烯醇）薄膜的三阶非线性光学特性．并将其作为研究性实验引入到近代物理实验教学中来．