Role of recognition of prior learning for emerging economies: learning from a four sector pilot project in India

Recognition of prior learning (RPL) has increasingly been recognised as a useful way to certify experience and competencies gained in the workplace informally. Particularly pertinent is RPL in the context of international migration or in economies, where system reforms seek to overcome challenges related to access to formal training and qualifications. India has the goal to skill 300 million of its growing workforce and provide them access at various levels to certification and further learning opportunities. As a part of the overall system reforms, the Government of India, jointly with the ILO, pilot tested RPL in four sectors in collaboration with the industry and built the foundation for wider replication for another 26 growth sectors by undertaking a tracer study and evaluation. This paper can empirically establish that RPL has had a positive effect on income opportunities, occupational safety, social status and openness to further learning. The paper further discusses the challenges encountered during the implementation of the RPL projects before concluding with recommendations, highlighting the aspects required for quality RPL in an emerging economy. It closes by emphasising the importance of conducting tracer studies to determine impact and the need to provide complementary training during the RPL process.     

武松报恩悲剧初探

用报恩思想表现武松的悲剧命运，是《水浒》人物描写的一大特色，武松的报恩思想是其悲剧的内在根源，支配了其一生命运失一过程，封建传统文化是产生报恩思想的基础，小生产意识和缺少人性呵护是报恩思想形成的原因，有恩于已的所有人都是报恩的对象，武松以结局表现了作者对报恩思想的否定。     

用磁流变液实现导磁材料机件表面的光整加工

磁流变液是未来应用最广泛的智能材料之一,它在无外加磁场作用下表现出良好的流体特性,在强磁场的作用下它的粘度会在毫秒级的时间内增加两个数量级以上,表现出类似固体的特性,一旦去掉磁场又立刻恢复液体的特性.这种可逆、迅速、易控的特点使磁流变液在机械工程中得到广泛的应用,其中包括表面光整加工,如将其用于光学镜片的表面研磨.目前其加工对象仅限于非导磁性材料,而现在绝大多数的机械零件的材料为导磁性材料.文章明确了磁流变液光整加工方法的主要优点;根据加工机理分析和初步实验研究,概括出将磁流变液用于导磁性材料表面光整时碰到的具体问题,并有针对性地提出了合理的解决方法.     

美术欣赏教学的"五字法"

美术欣赏，是一种审美情感的教育，它既能提高学生的审美能力，又能培养学生的创造精神，这种独特的教育功能早已被一些专家、学论证，然而，采取什么样的方法才能更有效地发挥其功能和作用呢?本从五个方面对美术欣赏教学的形式和方法进行了研究探索。     

Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education

Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However, the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior, juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment. Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance. Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

学前教育对青少年成就发展的影响——基于CEPS数据的实证研究

基于中国人民大学提供的中国教育追踪调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法,实证检验学前教育经历对青少年成就发展的现实影响,讨论“去小学”化的现实必要性。结果发现:接受学前教育和未接受学前教育的青少年在学业表现、家庭特征与个体特征等方面存在着一定的差异;Logit模型发现了家庭人力资本存量、经济资本以及家庭规模均对学前教育参与率的提升起到积极影响,但农村青少年的学前教育参与率相对于城镇要低2.3个百分点,显示出学前教育资源在城乡间的非均衡分布;倾向得分匹配法揭示了学前教育经历对青少年的学业表现具有正向影响,尤其是对语文和数学成绩的促进作用最为明显,但提前接触小学教育内容并不能帮助青少年赢在起跑线上。     

Dynamic modelling and robust current control of wind-turbine driven DFIG during external AC voltage dip

INTRODUCTION Due to concerns about emissions from fossil fuels and the depletion of fossil fuel resources, re- newable energy systems are becoming a topic of great interest and investment in the world. In particular, wind energy has been the subject of much recent research and development. In order to overcome the problems associated with fixed-speed wind-turbine system and to maximize the wind energy capture, many new wind farms will employ wind turbines based on Doubly-Fed Induction Ge…     

微分形式的 Aλr3 (λ1,λ2 ;Ω)-加权的Poincaré型不等式

利用H(o)lder不等式得到了微分形式的局部 Ar (λ1,λ2 ;Ω)-加权Poincaré型不等式,所得结果能被广泛应用于某些重要方程解的高阶可积性理论.     

净化二氧化硫的一种新方法

用不同浓度的瓜环[cucurbit(6)uril]水溶液吸收二氧化硫。采用副玫瑰苯胺比色法[GB／J 17097-1997]^[1]测定其吸收效率。结果显示瓜环水溶液对二氧化硫有很强的吸收。     

谈英语及对外汉语教学中的负迁移现象

无论是在以英语还是以汉语作为第二语言的学习过程中，都会不同程度地存在着第一语言对第二语言的影响，本文着重探讨其中的负面影响，即负迁移。负迁移的形成是由于英、汉两种语言的差异，甚至过度相似性或是由于学习者在学习过程中过度借助或照搬第一语言的知识而造成的，在此，笔者主要从英、汉两种语言及思维差异的角度，分析了实际教学中各个平面的负迁移现象，包括语义、语法结构、语用等各层面上的负迁移。根据分析结果，笔者提出具体教学中避免负迁移产生的相关对策：（1）重视第一、第二语言的对比分析；（2）以科学的态度看待语言学习过程中的语言错误现象。