过渡农业、成长经济与中国现代农业道路选择

中国正处于过渡农业阶段,是一种二元农业结构;农业经济实际上是一种成长经济,不能片面追求技术投入和规模化经营。中国现代农业道路选择应从过渡农业现状和农业成长经济理论出发,走"中国式"和"世界式"农业现代化的双重道路模式。     

知识分子社会角色研究的范式变迁考察

知识分子社会角色研究中先后出现的三种主要研究范式,即:单一角色的知识分子研究、角色集的知识分子研究和场域观的知识分子研究.通过分析各自的关键特征和差异可见:由于范式流变中各范式间缺乏足够的对话和融合,知识分子社会角色研究尚未形成一个完整的理论体系,因之导致理论与实践中的混乱,故知识分子社会角色研究的范式还需进一步的整合.     

The Social effects of the Australian Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS)

Australia’s Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) is an income contingent loan scheme, in which university students pay back part of the costs of their tuition after their post-university income reaches a certain threshold, is an important policy innovation for the financing of higher education. However, its critics claim that HECS increases socioeconomic inequalities in higher education and the HECS debt reduces the ability of young people to make the transitions to adulthood. This paper investigates these claims. There is no evidence that socioeconomic inequalities in higher education in Australia increased after the implementation of HECS in 1989 or the 1997 reforms. The magnitude of the HECS debt was found to have a negative impact on the transition to parenthood, but had no negative impacts on other transitions to adulthood: leaving the parental home, marriage and home ownership. Its effects on parenthood were moderate compared to other influences, such as full-time work in the previous year, marriage and being in a de facto relationship. Furthermore, only a small proportion of young people who attended university have large enough HECS debts for it to affect their fertility decisions.

晋陕豫黄河金三角地区城市旅游竞争力分析

晋、陕、豫黄河金三角地区地处黄河之滨,是中华文化的重要发源地之一,人文积淀丰厚,自然资源丰富,发展旅游业的条件得天独厚,近几年已经成为三省旅游热点地区。该地区四个城市旅游条件不同,因此相对于市场来说竞争力不同。本文通过选取特定评价因子,利用统计分析软件SPSS13.0对各个城市的旅游竞争实力进行定量评估,在此基础上将四个城市分等定级。     

Phase transition characteristics of the Ni46Mn35Ga19 single crystal

The phase transition characteristics of the prepared Ni46Mn35Ga19 single crystal have been systematically investigated by measuring resistance, strain, heat flow, and ac magnetic susceptibility. The experimental results indicate that both magnetic transition and martensitic transformation occurred simultaneously and the corresponding transition temperature was about 356 K. Meanwhile, the prepared single crystal also exhibited spontaneous and magnetic-field-enhanced two-way thermal shape memory effect with the strains up to -0.89% and -1.90% with and without a magnetic field of 1.6 T, respectively. The possible mechanism of the large spontaneous and magnetic enhanced deformation were analyzed based on the phase transition characteristics of Ni46Mn35Ga19 single crystal and the preferential orientation of martensitic variants.     

话语转型与主体性的缺失

中国现代文学经历了两次大的话语和观念转型,第一次是从家族主义、集体主义向个人主义观念的转型,以及由“非人的文学”向“人的文学”的转型,这是个体主体性从无到有的建构过程;第二次是从五四时期的个性主义向左翼的革命主义、集体主义观念的转型,这是个体主体性逐渐为集体主体吞噬并走向消亡的过程,也是文学成就逐渐滑坡的过程。     

Transitioning in higher education: an exploration of psychological and contextual factors affecting student satisfaction

In view of recent changes in the higher education sector, such as increased tuition fees, a greater focus has been placed on widening participation initiatives and monitoring student satisfaction. The aims of the current study were twofold: (1) to explore whether pre-entry programmes foster successful transition to higher education, and (2) to examine longitudinally the factors associated with course satisfaction. Eighty-eight first-year psychology students completed a questionnaire measuring academic self-efficacy, social identity and student satisfaction at the start (Time 1, November 2015) and end (Time 2, March 2016) of the academic year. Findings indicated that students who participated in a pre-entry programme reported higher academic self-efficacy and satisfaction compared to typical route students. Moreover, academic self-efficacy predicted student satisfaction at the start of the academic year, whereas in-group affect (a facet of social identity) predicted this at the end of the academic year. The current findings indicate that pre-entry programmes may have a positive impact on students’ sense of academic self-efficacy. On a more general level, the findings also suggest that academic self-efficacy and social identity may be key indicators of student satisfaction. This highlights the complexities of the concept of ‘student satisfaction’, and demonstrates the utility of examining multiple factors relating to student satisfaction across different time points.     

Proposals for improving the transition process of young people with intellectual disabilities in Spain: insights from focus groups of professionals,young people and their families

This research aims to present proposals that can improve the transition to adulthood of young people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Four focus groups were set up in three different cities in Spain, each comprising education and social work professionals, people with ID and family members. In total, 32 participants were included in the study. The discussions were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic content analysis. Improvements proposed by participants were organised into six themes: coordination between services and professionals; curricular approaches; participation by young people with ID; peer-relationship networks; family and administration. Participants highlighted the need to make the curriculum more flexible and foster curricular experiences related to social and workplace inclusion, as well as establish more continuity in guidance processes throughout the different stages of education and especially at the end of secondary education. Participants also suggested the need for young people with ID to have a more prominent role in their educational process, and strengthening their social networks by promoting their participation in community activities.     

Energy Internet forums as acceleration phase transition intermediaries

Citizen users play important roles in the acceleration phase of energy transitions, during which small-scale renewable energy technologies (S-RET) become taken up more widely. From users’ perspective, turning the early, and typically slow, proliferation into a more rapid and widespread diffusion requires not only the adoption of S-RET but also the adaptation, adjustment, intermediation and advocacy of S-RETs. These activities become necessary because S-RET face a variety of market, institutional, cultural and environmental conditions in different countries. New Internet-based energy communities have emerged and acted as key user-side transition intermediaries that catalyse these activities by qualifying market information, articulating demand and helping citizen users to reconfigure the standard technology to meet the specificities of different local contexts. In doing so, Internet communities foster an appreciatively critical discourse on technology. Such user intermediation is important in expanding the markets for S-RET beyond that of enthusiasts, environmentalists and other early adopters, to the early majority of adopters who demand more exposure, clearer information and less uncertainty about new technology options.