先秦儒家的“人性论”及其当代价值研究

人性论是先秦儒家十分关注的话题。儒家注重修养,而人性论又是修养的前提和基础。人性论最早由春秋末年的孔予提出,孔子对人性的简单表述在学术界引发了很大的分歧,也为后来儒家人性论的发展打造了一个良好的平台。先秦人性论的形成是政治、经济、文化和学术背景因素综合作用的结果。在先秦人性论产生的背景基础上,通过分析孔子、孟子和荀子提出的“性”的含义和道德本质,着力梳理出他们的“人性论”观点,并以此为线索剖析性善论和性恶论之间的差别。‘     

自然保护区人类生态系统的冲突分析——以辽宁蛇岛老铁山国家级自然保护区为例

人类生态系统是指由自然资源、社会系统和资源流组成的长期可调整的闭合系统。对蛇岛老铁山保护区范围的人类生态系统中的组分及其相互关系进行探讨,分析各组分的现状、存在问题及对该人类生态系统中其他组分的影响。为使本案例及我国具有相似背景的自然保护区人类生态系统朝着可持续的方向运行,从政府措施、长期监测、加入外部合作者以及当地居民合作4个方面提出管理方面的参考建议。     

我国当前学校德育的困境及对策

我国学校德育因忽视学生主体性,而呈现灌输式,规范式德育模式,导致学校德育步及困境。强调学生道德学习活动,赋予德育活动以高尚品味,建立“爱”的德育模式,将帮助学校德育走出困境。     

外语学科：如何守正，怎样创新？

守正创新是外语学科高质量发展的基本原则。何为守正、为何守正、如何守正？何为创新、为何创新、怎样创新？明确了这些问题,把握了守正与创新的辩证关系,就会守正而创新,即既坚定学科理念、坚守学科性质、树立学科自信、不断深化学科内涵建设,又立足于学科本体而积极开展学科创新、拓展学科内涵,以充分发挥外语学科的优势和特长,为中国式现代化建设做出外语学科不可替代的独特贡献。     

超支化聚合物的合成与应用

超支化聚合物是一种新型的高分子化合物,其合成机理完全不同于传统线型高分子。由于其分子结构的特殊性。因此其具有很多特殊理化性质,从而具有许多特殊用途。本文在参考大量文献的基础上综述了最近超支化聚合物的合成与应用进展,着重讨论了近年来超支化聚合物全新的应用。     

Design of a student lab program for nanoscience and technology – an intervention study on students’ perceptions of the Nature of Science,the Nature of Scientists and the Nature of Scientific Inquiry

Background: This article describes the design and the evaluation of a student lab program on the topic of nanoscience and technology (NST), mainly focusing on Nanoscience and its applications. The program was designed for students in grades 8–10 and was part of a larger outreach program of the Collaborative Research Center ‘Function by Switching’ at Kiel University. The Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER) served as a framework for the research-based design of the student lab.

Purpose: We aimed to develop an authentic science activity in the area of NST in order to support scientific inquiry learning and to provide a deeper understanding of scientific topics.

Sample: A total of 154 secondary school students from grades 8–10 of seven different secondary schools participated in this study.

Design and methods: A pre-post questionnaire with six subscales on students’ perceptions of the Nature of Science (NOS), Scientific Inquiry (NOSI) and the involved scientists (NOST) in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology was applied.

Results: Results show that the applied explicit and reflective approach embedded in the nanoscience content significantly improved the participating students’ perceptions of NOS, NOSI and NOST facets. After the lab visit, students’ answers corresponded to a more adequate perception of today’s science and scientists. Some gender differences in learning gains were also detected.

Conclusion: The study served its main purpose which was to investigate a well-balanced strategy to develop authentic out-of-school-learning environments with a focus on NOS/NOSI/NOST. Testing students’ perceptions of the nature of nanoscience provided insights into students’ worlds and served as feedback for the lab program. The outcomes of this study might help to better understand and further develop authentic (nano)science programs in out-of-school settings and science outreach programs.     

From Music to Physics: The Undervalued Legacy of Pythagoras

This paper presents the early investigations about the nature of sound of the Pythagoreans, and how they started a tradition that remains valid up to present times—the use of numbers in representing natural reality. It will touch on the Pythagorean notion of musical harmony, which was extended to the notion of universal harmony. How the Pythagorean ideas have inspired many great works in physics, such as those of Galileo, Kepler and Newton, will also be presented. In exploring the legacy of Pythagoras to physics and the study of the universe, some valuable insights on the nature of science that can inspire budding physicists are extracted.     

Student views concerning evidence and the expert in reasoning a socio‐scientific issue and personal epistemology

This study investigated their views concerning evidence and expert opinion of 10th‐grade students, accessed by an open‐ended questionnaire in the context of a socio‐scientific issue: the cause of flood disasters, and personal epistemology identified by the Learning Environment Preference Questionnaire (LEP). Students' responses to the open‐ended questions showed that when thinking about the flood issue, most students rely heavily on direct and numerical data to draw their conclusions, while experts represented a source of conclusive information. The LEP scores indicated that, in terms of epistemological development, students were mostly at the stage of the ‘multiplicists’ in Perry's model. The statistical analysis suggested that view towards evidence and expert were associated with personal epistemology.     

马克思恩格斯生态文明思想浅论

生态文明是马克思恩格斯思想体系中的重要内容,他们通过"自然"、"异化"、"提升"及"和解"四个方面,阐释了自然对人的重要意义,分析了异化劳动使人与自然的关系走向对立,通过"两个提升",即"在物种方面"和"在社会方面把人从其余的动物中提升出来",实现"两个和解",即"人类同自然的和解以及人类本身的和解",这些思想对于我们正确、全面理解马克思主义生态文明思想,指导我们当前的生态文明建设有着重要意义。     

Silicon＇s organic pool and biological cycle in moso bamboo community of Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve

Biomineralization of Si by plants into phytolith formation and precipitation of Si into clays during weathering are two important processes of silicon’s biogeochemical cycle. As a silicon-accumulating plant, the widely distributed and woody Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens (moso bamboo) contributes to storing silicon by biomineralization and, thus, prevents eutrophication of nearby waterbodies through silicon’s erosion of soil particles. A study on the organic pool and biological cycle of silicon (Si) of the moso bamboo community was conducted in Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve, China. The results showed that: (1) the standing crop of the moso bamboo community was 13355.4 g/m², of which 53.61%, 45.82% and 0.56% are represented by the aboveground and belowground parts of moso bamboos, and the understory plants, respectively; (2) the annual net primary production of the community was 2887.1 g/(m²·a), among which the aboveground part, belowground part, litterfalls, and other fractions, accounted for 55.86%, 35.30%, 4.50% and 4.34%, respectively; (3) silicon concentration in stem, branch, leaf, base of stem, root, whip of bamboos, and other plants was 0.15%, 0.79%, 3.10%, 4.40%, 7.32%, 1.52% and 1.01%, respectively; (4) the total Si accumulated in the standing crop of moso bamboo community was 448.91 g/m², with 99.83% of Si of the total community stored in moso bamboo populations; (5) within moso bamboo community, the annual uptake, retention, and return of Si were 95.75, 68.43, 27.32 g/(m²·a), respectively; (6) the turnover time of Si, which is the time an average atom of Si remains in the soil before it is recycled into the trees or shrubs, was 16.4 years; (7) the enrichment ratio of Si in the moso bamboo community, which is the ratio of the mean concentration of nutrients in the net primary production to the mean concentration of nutrients in the biomass of a community, was 0.64; and lastly, (8) moso bamboo plants stored about 1.26×10¹⁰ kg of silicon in the organic pool made up by the moso bamboo forests in the subtropical area of China. Project (No. 30370275) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China