论台湾作家黄海的科幻小说——以《银河迷航记》为例

黄海是台湾具有代表性的科幻小说作家,是台湾科幻小说的开拓者之一,也是在这一领域创作最勤、最为丰产的作家。黄海小说《银河迷航记》以银河探险为背景,包涵着作家对未来社会人类生活空间的思考,对人的本质与人性的思考,以及对人的生命状态的思考,体现了作家对人类未来的极大关注与热情想象。     

论法治经济与转型发展

从自然经济、计划经济到市场经济,社会经济关系由等级关系、人身依附关系、命令和服从关系向着平等、自由、独立、开放的社会关系转变;权和法,由权本位、官本位、法律虚无向着民本位、法律本位、法律至上转化。这个经济现代化进程,是用法律和制度控制权力的民主化法治化过程。然而,权力的退出是渐进式的变革,伴随着控制和反控制的较量。必须依靠法治,把权力关进制度的笼子,建立法治经济,根除特权思想和特权现象,建立起完善的市场经济秩序。     

A MIRCENS’ Network to Safeguard Nature's Invisible Assets

The effect of age on the way that children aged 7–16 years classify food was examined in a cross‐section of Welsh school children. Primary school children were interviewed and invited to classify photographs of food into groups. Secondary school children undertook a similar task using cards on which were written the names of foods. Although by 7 years of age children had well‐established food classification strategies, there are considerable differences between those used by older and younger children. A time of particular change was seen in the use of classification labels during the first year of senior school with children aged 11–12. Potential implications of the findings for the design and implementation of nutrition education programmes are considered.     

六盘水市野钟自然保护区黑叶猴生态及种群数量的春季调查研究

2004年4月3日至5月5日,笔者对黑叶猴进行了野外生态及种群数量调查研究,结果表明:(1)原野钟保护区内的黑叶猴仅有8群50只,其中包括1只当月生黄毛婴猴。猴群与1987年调查结果一样,但猴群个体数减少23只,主要是家庭成员减少;(2)保护区外围新发现7群59只,其中包括新增当月生4只黄毛婴猴;(3)黑叶猴的春季食物主要是被子植物的幼芽、叶和花;(4)野钟黑叶猴自然保护区应以黑叶猴分布及取食范围为依据,重新调整规划,建议下游从花嘎乡的底母村左侧河谷两侧到上游叉河北盘江两岸重新规划为黑叶猴自然保护区。     

Early childhood teachers' views of nature of science: The influence of intellectual levels,cultural values,and explicit reflective teaching

This study tracked the influence of explicit reflective instructional methods on cultural values, ethical and intellectual development, and the relationship of these with preservice teachers' views of nature of science (NOS). The researchers used the Views of Nature of Science Form B (VNOS B) to describe NOS views, the Learning Context Questionnaire (LCQ) to classify preservice teachers' ethical and intellectual positions using Perry's scheme, and the Schwartz Values Inventory (SVI) to measure preservice teachers' cultural values. The interventions took place in two concurrent courses: a science methods course, and a foundations of early childhood course. The science methods course explicitly emphasized NOS throughout the semester, and the foundations of early childhood course reinforced these ideas through cultural activities that stressed empirical evidence. Analysis of data showed relationships between preservice teachers' Perry positions and responses on the VNOS B with those at higher positions exhibiting more informed NOS views. Relationships between preservice teachers' NOS views and their cultural values were identified, such as those at the dualism position holding achievement more highly for scientists than those at other Perry positions. The values preservice teachers held personally were different from those they held as important for scientists. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 748–770, 2008     

On the intrinsic value of information objects and the infosphere

What is the most general common set ofattributes that characterises something asintrinsically valuableand hence as subject to some moral respect, andwithout which something would rightly beconsidered intrinsically worthless or even positivelyunworthy and therefore rightly to bedisrespected in itself? Thispaper develops and supports the thesis that theminimal condition of possibility of an entity'sleast intrinsic value is to be identified with itsontological status as an information object.All entities, even when interpreted as only clusters ofinformation, still have a minimal moral worthqua information objects and so may deserve to be respected. Thepaper is organised into four main sections.Section 1 models moral action as an information systemusing the object-oriented programmingmethodology (OOP). Section 2 addresses the question of whatrole the several components constituting themoral system can have in an ethical analysis. If theycan play only an instrumental role, thenComputer Ethics (CE) is probably bound to remain at most apractical, field-dependent, applied orprofessional ethics. However, Computer Ethics can give rise to amacroethical approach, namely InformationEthics (IE), if one can show that ethical concern should beextended to include not only human, animal orbiological entities, but also information objects. Thefollowing two sections show how this minimalistlevel of analysis can be achieved. Section 3 provides anaxiological analysis of information objects. Itcriticises the Kantian approach to the concept ofintrinsic value and shows that it can beimproved by using the methodology introduced in the first section.The solution of the Kantian problem prompts thereformulation of the key question concerningthe moral worth of an entity: what is theintrinsic value of x qua an object constituted by itsinherited attributes? In answering thisquestion, it is argued that entitiescan share different observable propertiesdepending on the level of abstraction adopted,and that it is still possible to speak of moral value even at thehighest level of ontological abstractionrepresented by the informational analysis. Section 4 develops aminimalist axiology based on the concept ofinformation object. It further supports IE's position byaddressing five objections that may undermineits acceptability.     

自然与无为:老子政治思想之本源与体系结构新探

《道德经》一书中的自然与无为两个概念是道(政治理论)的本质属性和政治行为的根本要求。这两个重要的概念互为表里,共同构成了老子政治理论体系、理论渊源的本质要求,是理解老子政治思想之本源及其体系结构的两把钥匙。     

黑龙江省速滑三线后备人才培养现状及发展对策研究

速滑是黑龙江省的优势项目,在黑龙江省有很广泛的群众基础,多年来涌现出了很多优秀的速滑运动员。通过对黑龙江省速滑三线后备人才培养现状的调查,分析黑龙江省速滑三线后备人才培养存在的问题及解决办法。以期为黑龙江省速滑后备人才培养的理论研究提供支持。     

论高校自然科学学报研究会工作的“务虚”与“务实”

"务虚"是一种理论上的认同,"务实"则是认同之下并在理论指导下的实际工作。"务虚"与"务实"是事物发展中具有辩证统一的两个方面,"虚"与"实"在高校自然科学研究会中具有难以替代的作用。从高校自然科学学报研究会到各省的高校学报研究会,自上而下地所开展的一系列活动就充分说明了"务虚"与"务实"是互为补充的,并在此过程中使其达到坚持学术性与应用性理论研究融合并举,彰显学术特色,健全学报运行机制等目的。探讨此范例,可利于我国学报研究会的实践运作。     

马克思主义科学史的早期尝试——以“赫森论点”为例

＂赫森论点＂的一个重要向度在于利用马克思主义思想资源探讨经典科学著作——《自然哲学之数学原理》的社会、经济根源问题。在社会经济需要与自然科学的关系问题上,赫森用直接的、线性的、可对应的处理方式取代了马克思、恩格斯那里长期的、曲折的、归根结底的作用模式,存在着对马、恩相关观点的庸俗化理解;在自然科学与其他意识形式的关系问题上,赫森单方面强调它们的同质性,回避自然科学的特殊性,存在着对马、恩相关观点的剪裁;但赫森没有尝试用非科学因素解释自然科学的知识内核,非科学因素的权限仅在于影响科学家科研方向和科学问题的选择,这一点上与马、恩的相关观点保持了一致。