平等竞争、科学民主、鼓励创新——国家自然科学基金委员会机械学科的发展历程和基本经验

国家自然科学基金委员会（以下简称自然科学基金会）自1986年成立 以来机械学科资助了2200多项基础研究项目，推动了我国机械工程学科的发展；为机\\r 械工程提供了一大批新理论、新技术和新方法，提升了我国制造业及其装备的技术水平；同 时培养和造就了一大批高素质和高学术水平的专家、学者和教授。本文回顾了自然科学基金\\r 会成立以来机械学科的发展历程，总结了基金管理工作中的基本经验，指出了目前研究中存\\r 在的不足与差距。     

机械类专业校企结合实践教学体系改革与建设

工程实践能力是当今社会急需的实用型、创新型工程技术人才的基本素质。针对以往实践教学存在的问题和不足,结合西安石油大学的实际情况和机械类专业就业环境要求,文章基于校企结合理念,以科技活动为载体,以开放性实验室为基地,组织学生参加科技兴趣小组,探索以科研课题带动教学的模式,将科研成果和研究思维注入课堂教学和实验教学,帮助学生扩展知识视野,培养科学思维方法,提高实践动手能力;拓宽实践教学渠道,与企业共建实习实训教学基地,建立学生深入社会开展实践活动的有效机制,形成教学、科研和社会实践有机结合的以应用型人才为培养目标的机械类专业实践教学体系。     

基于三维实体化设计的《机械制图》教学

随着计算机辅助设计软件的不断发展与普及,以及一些先进设备的引进,对制图教学提出了更高、更广泛的要求。这就要求我们要打破传统的教学模式,建立起与生产技术的发相适应的教学模式。本文通过阐述传统机械制图教学的缺点及三维实体设计的优越性,提出了三维“实体化教学”。与传统机械制图教学相比,体现了课程的实用性与科学性。     

Sketching Now

This paper discusses the role of the sketch in design when freehand drawing is under pressure from digital image manipulation both in higher education and professional practice. Placed in a broad design context embracing experience, skill and knowledge, the meaning of ‘sketch’ is being explored against a background of past and current practices in analogue and digital media. Locating the sketch in the design process various analogue and digital relationships are presented, including speed and fidelity. It concludes that sketching can be seen as a form of visual improvisation independent of any particular drawing system that allows designers to explore the sketch both as a means of self–expression and a means of communication.     

H2/H∞ filtering for networked systems with data transmission time-varying delay,data packet dropout and sequence disorder

This paper investigates an H₂/H_∞ filter designing for networked systems perturbed by multiple noises. The measurement transmission from the sensor to the remote filter is completed via a communication network in simultaneously presenting of data transmission time-varying delays, data packet dropout and data sequence disorder. Since the filter will receive delayed and disordered information, a zero-order-hold (ZOH) or a logical-ZOH (LZOH) is firstly employed for resorting the chaos data sequence. Afterwards, a hybrid H₂/H_∞ filtering scheme is designed for accurately estimating the target output. By Itô formula and a novel free-weight method, the almost surely mean square exponentially stable (ASMSES) condition of the error system is conveniently obtained and the corresponding filter design method is finally presented. By the proposed method, not only the ASMSES with a pre-scheduled H₂/H_∞ performance can be achieved, but also the convergence rate of overall system is pre-regulable. In addition, it has been point out the dynamic filtering performance of LZOH scheme should be better than ZOH ones due to less time-varying delays are introduced and more latest measurement information are employed. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

机械图中尺寸约束的分析

从形体的不同构形着手进行尺寸约束分析,阐明了不同构形形体尺寸约束的形成及特点     

论艾米莉·勃朗特诗歌中对比手法的运用

艾米莉.勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期文坛上一位卓尔不群的女作家、诗人。她的诗歌使用了大量对比手法,从而构成强大的艺术张力,形成了一种独特的艺术美。文章从她在绘画艺术上所受的熏陶来分析和展现这种艺术美,从而有助于读者更好地欣赏她诗歌创作中的审美取向。     

关于大学机电工程课程实践教学的思考与探讨

机电工程是实践性很强的学科,加强实践教学是非常重要的。本文论述了机电工程学科实践性教学环节的重要性,分析了机电工程学科实践教学中存在的问题,最后探讨了建立机电工程学科实践教学体系的对策。     

用条件模拟法确定单元体力学参数值的研究

根据工程岩土体通常为非均质体,其力学参数具有空间变异二重性这一特点,应用条件模拟法对岩土工程有限元计算中的单元体力学参数赋值作了探讨。     

《工程制图》课的课堂板书要求

<工程制图>因为其对准确性、规范性的要求,教师课堂板书必须既能体现学科特点,又能适应学生认知的要求.