“机械优化设计”课程思政设计与实践

"机械优化设计"是为机械类专业本科生和研究生开设的课程,讲授内容以数学方法为主,同时还包含优化算法在机械设计上的实践应用。为顺应新工科发展趋势,完善该课程中思想政治教学内容,提出了该课程的思想政治教学建设方法,主要以案例方式介绍了思想政治元素的挖掘与引入,并从三个方面改进了考评方式。教学效果调查结论表明,绝大部分学生认同在该课程中引入思想政治元素的方式,在此启发下能更好理解和掌握相关专业知识点,思想政治素养也得到了显著提升。     

高职<机械设计基础>课程教改与研究

本阐述了《机械设计基础》的教学对高职学生学习的重要性，总结该课程新的教学特点和过程，为后续课程打下好的基础。     

在机械设计基础课程教学中培养和提高学生的创新能力

提出了几种机械设计基础课程教学中有利于创新能力培养的教学方法和手段,并对如何通过课堂教学和实训教学,激发学生的创新潜能,培养学生的创新思维和创新能力进行了探讨。     

巷道赋存灰白砂岩力学性质试验研究

对于承受四面来压荷载、服务年限较长的巷道工程,获取岩石的物理力学性质具有十分重要的理论及现实意义。通过对南山煤矿现场取样,随后将岩样加工成标准试件进行单轴压缩试验,在常规试验工作的基础上,研究了该矿赋存灰白砂岩的物理力学性质。试验研究结果表明：（1）单轴压缩试验条件下,灰白砂岩抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比分别为40.55-85.39 MPa、23.6-40.6 GPa、0.22-0.32,并表现出较大差异性;（2）灰白砂岩在单轴压缩试验条件下其破坏形式以竖向劈裂为主,并出现有试样整体破碎现象。该研究结果为巷道工程的掘进、设计及维护提供了有力的基础依据。     

基于WEB的计算机辅助机械创新设计系统研究

总结了创新设计思维的两项原则:最短路径原则与相似性联想原则.分析了基于实例推理技术当前研究的不足并提出用遗传算法进行组合优化来解决.介绍了基于web的创新设计知识库,提出了功能要求、作用原理及物理结构的相似性的量化方法,用相似度作为计算机辅助联想及遗传算法初始群体筛选的依据,形成一种改进的遗传算法.基于上述理论开发了基于web的机械产品计算机辅助创新设计系统.     

Numerical method to determine mechanical parameters of engineering design in rock masses

This paper proposes a new continuity model for engineering in rock masses and a new schematic method for reporting the engineering of rock continuity.This method can be used to evaluate the mechanics of every kind of medium;and is a new way to determine the mechanical parameters used in engineering design in rock masses.In the numerical simulation,the experimental parameters of intact rock were combined with the structural properties of field rock.The experimental results for orthogonally-jointed rock are given.The results included the curves of the stress-strain relationship of some rock masses,the curve of the relationship between the dimension △ and the uniaxial pressure-resistant strength σc of these rock masses,and pictures of the destructive procedure of some rock masses in uniaxial or triaxial tests,etc.Application of the method to engineering design in rock masses showed the potential of its application to engineering practice.     

Effect of tramadol on immune responses and nociceptive thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain

Objective: To evaluate the effects oftramadol on the proinflammatory responses in a rat model of incisional pain by investigating its effects on nociceptive thresholds and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 levels. Methods: Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats scheduled for plantar incision were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=6 in each group). Rats in Group 1 receiving general anesthesia with no incision were served as control; At 30 min before skin incision, Groups 2～5 were given 5 ml normal saline or 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg tramadol, respectively, intraperitoneally (i.p.); Group 6 received 10 mg/kg tramadol after operation; Group 7 received 10 mg/kg tramadol before incision, followed by 200 μg/kg naloxone after operation. Mechanical allodynia was measured by electronic von Frey filament to evaluate the nociceptive thresholds 1 h before incision, and 1 h and 2 h after operation. Serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 2 h after operation. Results: Mechanical thresholds decreased significantly and serum IL-6 level increased significantly after operation in Group 2 compared with control (P＜0.01), and these changes were reversed respectively by tramadol in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01, respectively). IL-2 level remained unchanged after operation in Group 2, but decreased in Group 3 (P＜0.05), then gradually returned to the normal level in Groups 4 and 5. The intraperitoneally injected tramadol (10 and 20 mg/kg) produced a potent and dose-dependent antinocicptive effect on the lesioned paw. The antinocicptive effects of tramadol were partially an-tagonized by naloxone (200 μg/kg), suggesting an additional non-opioid mechanism. Conclusion: The results suggest that tramadol could be a good choice for the treatment of pain under the conditions that immunosuppression may be particularly contraindicated.     

螺旋橡胶挤压脱水机驱动轴断裂分析

螺旋橡胶挤压脱水机驱动轴在使用环境中早期异常断裂,经受力分析、断口分析、材料成分及力学性能测试得出失效原因结论。确认该轴为高应力低周疲劳破坏。该轴材料及热处理均无问题,失效是由于加工工艺缺陷和装配不良导致轴的应力集中部位恶劣力学环境,埋下了应变疲劳隐患。该案例说明即使材料选择合适,热处理合格,也不能忽略机加及装配精度,在结构一定的前提下,这些因素是决定构件力学环境的、可人为影响的关键因素。同时说明一定要从相关的各个方面综合分析才能为机械失效准确的溯源。     

《机械制图》多媒体教学手段研究

本文重点论述了利用多媒体技术讲授《机械制图》课程的优势,并总结了《机械制图》课程利用多媒体技术的一些方法,并指出多媒体技术的一些局限。     

The science literacy gap: A Karplus lecture

The great American experiment in mass higher education has failed completely in the sciences, where we have a small educated elite and an illiterate general public. Our graduate education in science is the best in the world, and contrary to the belief of some, we do not face a future shortage of scientists. However, the rest of our educational system is bad enough to constitute a threat to the ideal of Jeffersonian democracy. The Mechanical Universe, a video series produced by Caltech and aimed at high school physics teachers, is described. Although that project has been very successful, much more must be done. The educational infrastructure must be strengthened to the point where science can be taught gradually, throughout the school years and beyond. Furthermore, those of us who are professional teachers of science must become better teachers, both by increasing our own mastery of our subjects and by better understanding the difficulties our students have in learning science.Robert Karplus Memorial Lecture, Seattle, April 8, 1989