面向数字人文研究的大规模古籍文本可视化分析与挖掘

传统的古籍开发与应用模式已难以适应人文学科研究的需要,人文学科研究者期待一个技术逻辑和人文逻辑相耦合的数字人文研究范式的出现。本文从古籍文献深层次开发与利用出发,利用新的信息技术与面向数字人文研究跨学科方法,以大规模中国古籍文本为研究对象,采用大数据研究理念,对古籍进行整理、标注、自动分词等处理,以词频分析统计为研究核心,采用数据降噪、基于窗口时间单位的统计分析计算、滑动窗口预测等分析与挖掘方法,采用大数据实时分析技术,实现了实时、在线、立体、可视化、定量分析字词的历史词频分布规律,创建了一个以语言学、历史文献学、历史地理学等人文学科研究为主的古籍实时统计分析平台,可辅助研究者在大量的古籍文献中发现新的模式、现象、趋势等,实现古籍开发与应用模式创新的初步尝试。图11。参考文献36。     

Comparison of three web-scale discovery services for health sciences research

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of three web-scale discovery (WSD) tools in answering health sciences search queries.

Methods

Simple keyword searches, based on topics from six health sciences disciplines, were run at multiple real-world implementations of EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS), Ex Libris''s Primo, and ProQuest''s Summon. Each WSD tool was evaluated in its ability to retrieve relevant results and in its coverage of MEDLINE content.

Results

All WSD tools returned between 50%–60% relevant results. Primo returned a higher number of duplicate results than the other 2 WSD products. Summon results were more relevant when search terms were automatically mapped to controlled vocabulary. EDS indexed the largest number of MEDLINE citations, followed closely by Summon. Additionally, keyword searches in all 3 WSD tools retrieved relevant material that was not found with precision (Medical Subject Headings) searches in MEDLINE.

Conclusions

None of the 3 WSD products studied was overwhelmingly more effective in returning relevant results. While difficult to place the figure of 50%–60% relevance in context, it implies a strong likelihood that the average user would be able to find satisfactory sources on the first page of search results using a rudimentary keyword search. The discovery of additional relevant material beyond that retrieved from MEDLINE indicates WSD tools'' value as a supplement to traditional resources for health sciences researchers.     

Mapping the literature of hospital pharmacy

Objectives

This study describes the literature of hospital pharmacy and identifies the journals most commonly cited by authors in the field, the publication types most frequently cited, the age of citations, and the indexing access to core journals. The study also looks at differing citation practices between journals with a wide audience compared to a national journal with a focus on regional issues and trends in the field.

Method

Cited references from five discipline-specific source journals were collected and analyzed for publication type and age. Two sets were created for comparison. Bradford''s Law of Scattering was applied to both sets to determine the most frequently cited journals.

Results

Three-quarters of all cited items were published within the last 10 years (71%), and journal articles were the most heavily cited publication type (n=65,760, 87%). Citation analysis revealed 26 journal titles in Zone 1, 177 journal titles in Zone 2, and the remaining were scattered across 3,886 titles. Analysis of a national journal revealed Zone 1 comprised 9 titles. Comparison of the 2 sets revealed that Zone 1 titles overlapped, with the exception of 2 titles that were geographically focused in the national title.

Conclusion

Hospital pharmacy literature draws heavily from its own discipline-specific sources but equally from core general and specialty medical journals. Indexing of cited journals is complete in PubMed and EMBASE but lacking in International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. Gray literature is a significant information source in the field.     

我国区域人文社科类高校知识传播效率差异及收敛性研究

文章使用DEA-Dagum基尼系数—收敛性检验方法,依据2009—2013年31个省份的面板数据测量我国人文社科类高校知识传播效率,分析区域差距及其收敛性.研究显示:东、中、西部地区知识传播效率依次递增.我国人文社科类高校知识传播效率低下受规模效率和纯技术效率低下的双重影响,纯技术效率低下影响更大.大部分省份处于规模报酬收益递减状态,区域内差距是全国整体效率差异的主要原因.全国及三大地区人文社科类高校知识传播效率差距均存在不同类型的收敛.     

体育学研究中科学精神和人文精神整合的探讨

科学精神的内涵是求真、求实的理性精神.人文精神的内涵是求善、求美和求自由的精神.反思体育学发展中一直缺乏这两个根本的营养元素.进入21世纪,科学技术迅猛发展和人本思想的回归,给体育学的发展带来了新的机遇与挑战.体育学要想有较大的突破,改变目前这种举步维艰的局面,就必须把科学精神和人文精神融合到体育学研究中去.     

特色鲜明的加拿大家政课程

我国以往的社会科课程研究，比较多地关注美国和日本，对其他国家的课程研究涉猎有限。在基础教育改革向纵深发展的今天，我们有必要进一步放宽眼界，从各国的社会科课程建设中获得启示。文章正是出于这个目的，围绕加拿大安大略省《社会与人文课程标准(9-10年级)》(1999年版)，着重介绍了其中的家政学习内容和方式，希望借此增进我们对社会科这门综合课程的理解。     

医学本科生就业困难原因分析及对策

文章对医学本科生就业困难存在以下原因：用人单位需求出现了变化、医学本科生没有足够的思想和心理准备、基层医院工作条件和待遇太差。针对存在问题提出相应解决对策：学校与用人单位共建教学实习基地、学校要努力做好学生求职能力的培养工作、学校要努力帮助学生树立正确的就业观、政府要努力加大基本医疗卫生建设投入,为医学本科生就业创造良好外部条件、学校要努力做好招聘、应聘服务。     

美国传教士伯驾在华医疗事业影响述论

伯驾（Peter Parker，1804—1888）是美部会派往中国的第一位医药传教士。他在华期间的医疗活动不仅对基督教在华传教事业产生了一定影响，尤其在中美医学交流史上写下了浓重的一笔，对中国医学由传统向现代的嬗变起了重要的推逐作用。     

医学生的个性特征对学习成绩的影响

该研究的目的在于研究与其他专业的学生相比，医学生的个性特征中哪种更典型，更能影响医学生的临床前期课程学习。1997年，有785名学生进入了弗兰米西地区的大学学习医学，其中631名学生(占80．4％)进行了个性五因素的测定量表(NEO-PI-R表)测量，914名捷特大学其它7个专业的一年级学生也做了同样的测量。该研究还调查了这些医学生的期末成绩，第一学年有607名，第二学年413名，第三学年341名。结果表明，医学生的“外倾性”和“随和性”因素分值最高，“责任心”因素对临床前期的学习成绩的预测作用很大，“责任心”因素分值低而具有“社交”、“冒险”个性特征的学生更有可能无法通过考试。