试论口译中记忆的提高

三种心理结构———感觉记忆、工作记忆和永久记忆在口译活动中分别是记忆运作的前提、关键和基础。要提高工作记忆的工作效率,就要完善组块(或称断句)技巧,改善永久记忆,同时注重心理素质的培养。     

浅谈光盘技术与档案编纂手段的现代化

分析了光盘技术应用现状，着重阐述了光盘技术与档案编纂手段的有机结合的必要性及其具体结合技术环节指出光盘技术与档案编纂手段的有机结合是档案编纂的发展趋势。     

也谈大学英语词汇的学习与记忆

掌握英语词汇是学习英语最重要的任务之一,也是学好英语的关键。词汇是语音、语法、语义的载体,在实际的语言运用中接触到的首先是词汇,离开了词汇就无所谓语言。与此同时,英语中的听、说、读、写、译等语言能力的提高,在某种程度上讲也取决于词汇量的多少。面对数量庞大的英语词汇量,如何有效地帮助学生掌握记忆方法是值得我们探索的问题。     

理工科大学生人文素质:缺失、归因与对策

科学技术发展的负面影响、西方文化的冲击、社会环境的浸染、高等教育自身的失误以及家庭教育的缺位,导致理工科大学生人文知识匮乏,人文精神迷失,人文品质弱化,人文价值模糊,人文修养欠佳,人文方法缺失.所以,我们应该高度重视大学生人文素质的培养,在教育理念上,重视科学精神和人文素养的视界融合;在教育内容上,将人文知识的学习和人文精神的培育结合起来;在教育方法上,变"游击战"为"阵地战";在教育途径上,构建"立体化"的人文素质教育体系;在教育评价上,重构理工科大学生的人才质量标准体系.     

Iron deficiency anaemia: Effect on congnitive development in children: A review

Iron deficiency evolves slowly through several stages. Early iron deficiency caused a depletion in iron stores as shown by a reduction in the levels of hepatic non-heme iron in the new born of iron deficient mothers. Of particular importance is the effect on central nervous system, which leads to the defects in the cognition and learning processes in humans. Evidence is strong that in many under developed countries iron deficiency is the main cause of anaemia and supplementation under trial conditions may prevent some defects of iron deficiency but not all.     

谈遗传因素对人类智力的影响

智力的形成是在大脑发育正常的基础上进行的,而大脑发育的正常与否,与先天的遗传因素密切相关。如果个体内存在着损害大脑发育和新陈代谢的不良的遗传因素,那么必然会引起智力障碍。本文主要从染色体异常综合症、某些单基因病和脆性Ｘ染色体综合症患者的智力低下表现及其发生的分子机理,阐明了遗传因素对智力形成的重要作用所在     

The role of vowel signs in Hebrew: Beyond word recognition

After third grade of elementary school, native Hebrew speakers in Israel gradually become expert in reading two kinds of writing systems: the one they start with that contains signs for every phoneme of the spoken language, and another, to which they are steadily introduced, beginning with the second grade, which omits most vowels, together with few consonantal distinctions. Earlier studies indicate that single voweled words are read faster than unvoweled words, particularly in a naming task. This study examined another possible contribution of vowel signs in reading Hebrew: Its effect on memory and comprehension. It was assumed that if subvocalization facilitates memory of words while reading, and if vowel signs facilitate phonological processing, as is perhaps the case in naming tasks, then vowelization may intensify the processing of the articulatory loop and this should improve memory and comprehension. Our first two experiments assessed the contribution of vowel signs to the memory of word lists in either recognition memory or word recall tasks. The third experiment examined the contribution of vowel signs to the reading of connected texts. We found that vowel signs speeded up recognition memory of words in third graders, and improved the recall of words printed in the context of mixed lists in sixth graders. We also found that vowelization improved memory and comprehension of some prose texts.     

完善森林保护立法是防灾兴利之本

1998年我国发生的特大洪灾与生态环境长期以来遭到人为严重的破坏有直接关系。保护森林资源,就是保护人类的生存环境。国家颁布与实施的森林保护法律规范,对加强森林保护、改善生态环境起了很大的作用,但森林保护立法仍存在许多不足,不利于生态环境保护。因此,进一步完善森林保护法律规范,是改善生态环境的重大抉择。     

Self-derivation through memory integration: A model for accumulation of semantic knowledge

Semantic knowledge accumulates through explicit means and productive processes (e.g., analogy). These means work in concert when information explicitly acquired in separate episodes is integrated, and the integrated representation is used to self-derive new knowledge. We tested whether (a) self-derivation through memory integration extends beyond general information to science content, (b) self-derived information is retained, and (c) details of explicit learning episodes are retained. Testing was in second-grade classrooms (children 7–9 years). Children self-derived new knowledge; performance did not differ for general knowledge (Experiment 1) and science curriculum facts (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, children retained self-derived knowledge over one week. In Experiment 2, children remembered details of the learning episodes that gave rise to self-derived knowledge; performance suggests that memory integration is dependent on explicit prompts. The findings support nomination of self-derivation through memory integration as a model for accumulation of semantic knowledge and inform the processes involved.     

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Pregnant Anemic Women

The present study was conducted to investigate the oxidant–antioxidant status in iron deficient pregnant anemic women. One hundred thirty pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were divided into three groups, namely mild (50), moderate (50) and severe (30) anemic along with pregnant healthy women as controls (50). The complete blood count, plasma lipid peroxidation products, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were measured according to respective protocols. The levels of complete blood count, iron, ferritin along with antioxidant enzymes namely catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione were significantly reduced in all IDA groups. However, the level of oxidized glutathione, lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls, conjugated dienes were found significantly increased in all anemic patients. Antioxidant vitamins, namely C, E and A were also found significantly decreased in IDA patients. On the basis of our results, it may be concluded that IDA tends to increase the pro-oxidant components, which may result in various complications including peroxidation of vital body molecules resulting in increased risk for pregnant women as well as fetus.