龟鹤拳对中老年人信息加工能力的影响

采用回溯性研究设计,运用观察、访谈、心理测量等方法对天津市区不同练习年限的龟鹤拳练习者的信息加工能力进行测量评价。研究结果显示：①龟鹤拳对中老年人的认知信息加工能力的下降有明显的延缓和改善作用,这一作用主要体现在处理复杂信息的能力上,如反应速度、记忆容量、思维灵活性和注意力的改善;②随着练习时间的延长,这种效应表现更明显;③龟鹤拳可以作为促进中老年人心理健康的一种锻炼方式。     

共享认知对科研团队绩效影响的实证研究

自交互记忆系统与共享心智模型的构念被提出以来,两个领域的研究便近乎平行发展。针对共享认知的两个构念间的复杂关系及其对团队的影响进行研究,以34个科研团队为样本的问卷调查数据分析表明:交互记忆系统、团队心智模型和任务心智模型分别正向影响团队绩效;交互记忆系统、任务心智模型在团队心智模型与团队绩效的关系中起到中介作用,且两个特定中介效应之间的差异不显著。由此可见,交互记忆系统和任务心智模型是团队心智模型影响团队绩效的两个同等重要的作用机制。最后讨论得出研究启示与未来研究方向。     

Achievement goals affect memory encoding

The present study examined how achievement goals affect memory encoding (i.e., relational and item-specific processes). To achieve this, we conducted five experiments using valid behavioral measures including adjusted ratio of clustering (ARC) scores and recognition performance and manipulating the instructions for achievement goals. In each experiment, participants were provided with mastery-approach goals (to develop their own mental ability) or performance-approach goals (to demonstrate their strong memory abilities in relation to others). Participants in the control condition were not given any goals. Our results showed that the ARC scores in the performance-approach goal condition were lower than those in the control condition, whereas there was no significant difference in ARC scores between the mastery-approach goal and the control conditions. In contrast, recognition performance in the control condition did not significantly differ from those in either goal condition. These findings suggest that achievement goals affect the relational processes rather than the item-specific processes and that performance-approach goals discourage the relational processes.     

Managers’ cognitive capabilities and perception of market research usefulness

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between three theoretical constructs developed in the course of the study measuring: (a) managers' memory capacity, (b) information processing, as a part of general system of cognitive capabilities, and (c) their perception of market research usefulness. In particular, we diagnose managers' natural limitations associated with cognition which determine their capabilities to deal with the market research information storage and retrieval as well as research information processing. With this intention and theoretical assumption, we designed and implemented a two-phase process of research. In the first phase, based on the literature review; face-to-face in-depth interviews and a pilot study (a pretest) we developed measurement models for the proposed theoretical constructs. Next, we conducted quantitative research among 213 highly experienced managers working in multinational companies in a European country (Poland), where the sample included individuals who were responsible for planning strategic and tactical marketing activities. Based on the structural equation modeling as the analytical strategy, the empirical research results revealed that managers in business organizations due to limited cognitive capabilities such as lower-than-average memory capacity and poor information processing, develop wrong perceptions of the usefulness of market research. Managers, when faced with difficulties regarding information storage and retrieval, as well as information processing, react negatively towards that research. Finally, we explained the reasons as to why managers in companies perceive market research in a negative light, as well as presented the most important theoretical and managerial implications.     

“记忆之场”:皮埃尔·诺拉的档案记忆思想发凡

法国历史学家皮埃尔·诺拉主编的三部七卷本的《记忆之场》汇集了众多法国史学家的研究结晶,是当代法国最具影响力的历史著作之一。全书内容涉猎面广泛,颇具启发性,故文章聚焦"记忆之场"这一主旨概念,对皮埃尔·诺拉的档案记忆思想进行剖析和揭示,以期为档案学研究引入新的学术视角。     

An integrative review of the cognitive costs and benefits of note-taking

Students frequently engage in note-taking to improve the amount of information they remember from lectures. One beneficial effect of note-taking is known as the encoding effect, which refers to deeper processing of information as a consequence of taking notes. This review consists of two parts. In the first part, four lines of research on the encoding effect are summarized: 1) manipulation of the lecture material, 2) manipulation of the method of note-taking, 3) the importance of individual differences, and 4) the testing procedure used in the empirical studies. This review highlights the fragmented nature of the current literature. In the second part of this review five forms of cognitive load that are induced by note-taking are distinguished. Cognitive load theory is used to integrate the divergent results in the literature. Based on the review, it is concluded that cognitive load theory provides a useful framework for future theory development and experimental work.     

French-Muslims and the Hijab: An Analysis of Identity and the Islamic Veil in France

This article examines how Muslims living in France construct, and negotiate their identities in the wake of Law 2004–228, a French law banning the wearing of the Islamic veil in French public schools. This research finds that Muslims deem the Islamic veil or hijab to be a fundamental part of their identity. Muslims describe the hijab as being an important and salient symbol of Islam that runs counter to France's concept of secularism or laïcité. Moreover, French-Muslims assert regulations like Law 2004–228 represent France attempting to control Muslim identity and forcefully integrate this population.     

Rethinking the coming home alternative: hybridization and coming out politics in Hong Kong’s anti‐homophobia parades

Abstract

In calling for the need to think about sexuality globally, scholars have given increasing attention to the historical specificities of local contexts. The return to the local, however, may not always be fruitful when the local and the global or the Western and the non‐Western are seen as binary opposites rather than permeable constructs. This paper examines the coming home/coming out controversy and calls into question the understanding of coming home as local resistance against global queering. It instead suggests the possibilities of cultural hybridity and blending of coming out and coming home. Using the First and the Second International Day Against Homophobia Hong Kong Parades as an example, this paper elucidates the complexity of cultural production in the interactions of the West and Non‐West, with attention on the effect of transnational mobility of political rhetoric and tactics.     

SMP、MPP、NUMA技术比较与其应用分析

本文首先对目前主流的并行处理技术:SMP技术、MPP技术和NUMA技术的特点进行了阐述,重点分析了各种技术存在的主要问题、主要影响以及各种问题的解决措施。之后本文结合业界主流服务器:IBM、HP、NCR等,对每种技术的实际应用进行了分析。