How children learn to use language

There have been many theories about how children learn to use language. Professor Narasimhan proposed a theory of child language acquisition based on behavioural pragmatics. In this article we present a simplified version of his theories about how children learn to communicate, to describe, manipulate and explore the world around them from exposure to variety of language utterances and non-verbal inputs such as gestures and pointing. We also discuss the method he used to substantiate his ideas, and briefly present a computational model of the ideas arising from his work. Raman Chandrasekar has been with Microsoft Research, Redmond, USA. since 1998. His current research interests are at the intersection of information retrieval, natural language processing and machine learning. He received his PhD from TIFR, Bombay.     

独白剧场中的有声语言创作

生活的舞台很广阔,艺术的探索更深奥,需提升有声语汇的艺术品质,为观众在剧场的殿堂里奉献听觉文化的审美盛宴。触及当代前沿艺术实践的范畴,让更多学者和观众了解有声语言创作并不只是一种发音技巧,更是一种审美思维和艺术构思。同时,以本人创作的《纯真记忆》为研究对象,力求理论与实践互为渗透,既研究有声语言创作的相关理论,同时系统梳理独白剧场的艺术形式。     

山陕后稷神话的民间记忆与文化重构

后稷是一位兼具人与神的双重品格的传说人物,在中华文化的历史上有其独特的传承方式,正统的稷祀文化一直有着重要的历史地位.但其在民间的记忆也是后稷文化传承不可分割的重要组成部分,对地方知识体系的构建有着不可忽视的作用.本文将对后稷神话传承于山陕民间的隐性资源所构建起的文化和谐系统予以民俗理论的观照,探寻其对建设社会和谐文化的积极意义.     

学习者个人因素对英语听力理解的影响

听是获得信息的重要手段，也是学习外语必须掌握的一项基本技能。影响听力理解的因素有很多，除了语言因素之外，学习者的个人语言因素是一个不可忽视的重要方面。本文分析了学习者的语言知识，学习动机和短时记忆能力对听力理解的影响，指出在大学英语教学中，教师不应该只注重语言知识的讲解和听力技巧的培养，而应该有意识的加强学习动机和短时记忆能力的培养。     

Hamilton体系下海底悬跨管道动力特性分析

鉴于海底油气管道的悬跨易引发管道不稳定性、疲劳破坏等问题,影响管道运行安全,对复杂载荷联合作用下海底悬跨管道的结构动力特性进行研究.首先建立海底悬跨管道的非线性动力方程,引入对偶变量将方程转化为Hamilton体系下的辛对偶正则方程组.然后运用精细积分法求解方程组,讨论不同内流流速、压强、材料阻尼等参数对海底悬跨管道动力响应特性的影响.计算结果表明涡激振动中主振动为横向振动,振动响应幅值随内流速度、压强和轴向力的增加而增大,而材料黏弹性系数对振幅的影响不大.     

Epideictic Rhetoric in the Service of War: George W. Bush on Iraq and the 60th Anniversary of the Victory over Japan

This essay explores the relationship between epideictic discourse and war through the analysis of George W. Bush's August 20, 2005, address at the Naval Air Station near San Diego, ostensibly to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Allied victory over Japan. The case also serves as an exemplar for how Bush routinely interwove epideictic appeals with collective memories of World War II in order to promote the Iraq war and deflect criticism of his policies there. Bush praised the greatest generation and linked it to the current generation; blamed and dehumanized enemies of the past and present; advocated for war based on “lessons” from the past; and reinforced a shared identity to instill both obligation and confidence.     

贾平凹《怀念狼》的生态批评解读

贾平凹的《怀念狼》第一次真正把对商州的文化反思上升对整个人类生存命运的忧患和预警,其中发散的环境伦理意识和人与自然和谐共存的生态理想,赋予小说极高的思想价值。小说在显在的“寻找”主题层面上,“怀念狼”就是“怀念英雄”和“怀念勃发的生命”,在潜在的生态主题层面上,“怀念狼”就是“怀念世界的平衡”和呼唤“人与自然和谐共存”的生态理想。     

Psycho-Education with Asylum Seekers and Survivors of Torture

This article examines psycho-educational programmes for asylum-seekers and tortured refugees at the Danish Red Cross Asylum Department and Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture victims respectively. The psycho-education programme is based on a cognitive theoretical framework. However, it is argued that the processes observed during the programmes and the changes in the participants’ lives may be conjointly understood within theoretical frameworks of narrative therapy, social constructionism, and community psychology, emphasizing professionals’ and participants’ co-construction of alternative stories and action possibilities, and the importance of the context and social network outside the intervention context.

基于用户偏好的文献推荐系统

本系统基于模糊联想记忆神经网络,建立偏好评价模型,根据用户偏好对搜索引擎搜索到的候选文献进行评级,为用户推荐偏好值高的文献。本系统的学习模块采用PCA-CG算法和误差反向传播算法,以用户阅读过的基准文献和其对应评级作为训练样本,对用户偏好进行学习;推理模块根据学习到的模糊规则和隶属函数来计算候选文献的偏好值,并以偏好值排序,把偏好值高的文献推荐给用户。把该模型应用于信息技术类文献的检索,实验表明系统提供的推荐文献具有较高可信度。     

团队内竞合博弈如何促进团队创新效率:来自响应面分析与fsQCA的研究

高创新供给效率是推动企业高质量发展的重要动力，而随着我国市场经济高速增长，激烈的市场竞争亦蔓延至企业研发团队内部。故而，如何在研发团队内部的竞合博弈环境下，促进团队创新效率提升，便成为我国各大企业亟待解决的问题。为此，本研究基于社会网络理论，以我国知识密集型企业的128个研发团队为对象展开实验研究。研究发现：（1）团队内竞合博弈的确同时存在“竞争性”与“合作性”两种非一致性维度；（2）团队内竞合博弈会通过强化团队交互记忆系统，间接促进团队创新效率提升，且团队成员交换是这一影响机制中的重要情境边界；（3）基于组态分析，本研究提出了“基于数字化团队交互记忆系统”与“基于团队内可持续型协同创新生态”两组高绩效企业研发团队创新效率提升方案。根据研究结论，本研究建议相关企业须打破利益短视与团队内耗之局限，通过完善数字化研发团队交互记忆系统，构建企业可持续性创新供给生态。