试论口译中记忆的提高

三种心理结构———感觉记忆、工作记忆和永久记忆在口译活动中分别是记忆运作的前提、关键和基础。要提高工作记忆的工作效率,就要完善组块(或称断句)技巧,改善永久记忆,同时注重心理素质的培养。     

浅谈光盘技术与档案编纂手段的现代化

分析了光盘技术应用现状，着重阐述了光盘技术与档案编纂手段的有机结合的必要性及其具体结合技术环节指出光盘技术与档案编纂手段的有机结合是档案编纂的发展趋势。     

也谈大学英语词汇的学习与记忆

掌握英语词汇是学习英语最重要的任务之一,也是学好英语的关键。词汇是语音、语法、语义的载体,在实际的语言运用中接触到的首先是词汇,离开了词汇就无所谓语言。与此同时,英语中的听、说、读、写、译等语言能力的提高,在某种程度上讲也取决于词汇量的多少。面对数量庞大的英语词汇量,如何有效地帮助学生掌握记忆方法是值得我们探索的问题。     

轻钢屋架设计存在的问题及解决办法

该文通过对中间加柱支承的芬克式钢屋架的受力分析,指出目前在轻工业厂房中广泛采的轻钢屋架设计施工中存在的问题,并提出解决办法。     

The role of vowel signs in Hebrew: Beyond word recognition

After third grade of elementary school, native Hebrew speakers in Israel gradually become expert in reading two kinds of writing systems: the one they start with that contains signs for every phoneme of the spoken language, and another, to which they are steadily introduced, beginning with the second grade, which omits most vowels, together with few consonantal distinctions. Earlier studies indicate that single voweled words are read faster than unvoweled words, particularly in a naming task. This study examined another possible contribution of vowel signs in reading Hebrew: Its effect on memory and comprehension. It was assumed that if subvocalization facilitates memory of words while reading, and if vowel signs facilitate phonological processing, as is perhaps the case in naming tasks, then vowelization may intensify the processing of the articulatory loop and this should improve memory and comprehension. Our first two experiments assessed the contribution of vowel signs to the memory of word lists in either recognition memory or word recall tasks. The third experiment examined the contribution of vowel signs to the reading of connected texts. We found that vowel signs speeded up recognition memory of words in third graders, and improved the recall of words printed in the context of mixed lists in sixth graders. We also found that vowelization improved memory and comprehension of some prose texts.     

Self-derivation through memory integration: A model for accumulation of semantic knowledge

Semantic knowledge accumulates through explicit means and productive processes (e.g., analogy). These means work in concert when information explicitly acquired in separate episodes is integrated, and the integrated representation is used to self-derive new knowledge. We tested whether (a) self-derivation through memory integration extends beyond general information to science content, (b) self-derived information is retained, and (c) details of explicit learning episodes are retained. Testing was in second-grade classrooms (children 7–9 years). Children self-derived new knowledge; performance did not differ for general knowledge (Experiment 1) and science curriculum facts (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, children retained self-derived knowledge over one week. In Experiment 2, children remembered details of the learning episodes that gave rise to self-derived knowledge; performance suggests that memory integration is dependent on explicit prompts. The findings support nomination of self-derivation through memory integration as a model for accumulation of semantic knowledge and inform the processes involved.     

Stability and dissipative analysis for a class of stochastic system with time-delay

This paper deals with the stability and dissipative problem of a class of stochastic hybrid system. The system under study involves Markovian jump, impulsive effects and time delay, which are often encountered in practice and are the sources of instability. Our attention is focused on analysis of whether the stochastic hybrid system with time-delay is stochastically asymptotically stable and strictly (Q, S, R) dissipative. By introducing an extra artificial time instance, the equivalent system is obtained and the sufficient conditions are derived by using linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. The main results of this paper unify the existing results on H_∞ control.     

口述历史档案建构社会记忆的互构机制探论

在当前多元化、民主化社会发展的背景下,社会记忆的建构有赖于口述历史档案与其他记忆媒介进行互构,因此口述历史档案建构社会记忆过程中存在着一种重要的互构机制。本文分析了这一互构机制的研究背景,并重点探讨了口述历史档案建构社会记忆的互构形态、互构功能和互构特点,以望进一步深化口述历史档案与社会记忆理论研究。     

研究型大学院系设置的比较分析与理论思考

哈佛大学与北京大学、麻省理工学院与清华大学的对比显示,每所学校与自己的对比方在总的学科设置上非常接近,但我国两所大学的学院数量远大于美国的两所大学。我国研究型大学应当适当减少学院数量,规范学院设置,提高学院内学科设置的综合性;加强和重视特色学院或特色学科的建设;分别设置本科生学院和研究生学院;重视交叉学科项目或研究中心的建立。     

Stichwort: Lernen im Museum

This contribution sketches the museum landscape and investigates – from different perspectives – to what extent museums can be defined and studied as an informal learning location. We shall start with a look at the heterogeneity of museums, which is a consequence of the different collections, the characteristics of visitors and their motives for visiting, and the relatively young history of didactic methods used in museums. Does learning take place? Research on visitors, which looks at this question, typically reflects in its theories of learning the paradigm shift from behaviourism to cognitive and constructivistic concepts with a corresponding change of perspective regarding the subject of investigation: whilst first investigations looked at the characteristic of exhibits and made recommendations on this basis for improved didactics, more recent studies look at visitors’ theoretic constructs of these characteristics. This article argues for a link between both perspectives in order to achieve further theoretical and practical insights.