论农村职业教育发展的着力点

大力发展农村职业教育是解决我国经济社会瓶颈问题的有效措施,分析农村职业教育发展的路径,为农村职业教育的发展创造良好的社会氛围,使农村职业教育成为我国经济社会发展的重要支撑点,具有重大的理论和现实意义。厘清职业教育对社会经济发展的重要贡献和强大动力,是农村职业教育发展的基础;借鉴国外发达国家发展职业教育的成功经验,尤其在管理体制、经费投入上苦下功夫,是农村职业教育发展的关键;以社会主义新农村建设为契机,大力发展农村职业教育,是农村职业教育持续发展的保障。     

Childhood maltreatment: A predictor of mental health problems among adolescents and young adults

Child maltreatment is a risk factor for detrimental effects on mental health that may extend to adulthood. This study aimed to examine the association between exposure to childhood maltreatment, socio-demographic factors, and students’ mental health status and self-esteem. A cross-sectional study enrolled a representative sample of 1270 students from Kuwait University. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire included students’ socio-demographic characteristics, history of exposure to childhood physical and/or emotional maltreatment, DASS-21 to assess mental health status, and Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression models were applied. The study found that among participants, 49.6%(95% CI: 64.8%–52.4%), 63.0%(95% CI: 60.3%–65.7%), and 43.8%(95% CI: 41.1%–46.6%) reported having depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Moreover, 22.5%(95% CI: 20.1%–24.8%) and 18.6%(95% CI:16.5%–20.9%) reported childhood physical and emotional maltreatment, respectively; while 12.7% reported both. Multivariate analysis revealed that experiencing childhood physical and emotional maltreatment were independent contributors to reporting depression and anxiety; while exposure to only emotional maltreatment contributed to reporting stress. Gender, GPA, childhood enrollment in private/public schools, number of close friends, were other contributors to mental health problems. Participants’ median score of self-esteem was 17/30, and only childhood emotional maltreatment was a significant predictor to low self-esteem after adjustment for other confounders. Mental health problems, and experiencing childhood physical and emotional maltreatment were prevalent relatively high among university students. Childhood corporal and emotional maltreatment were independent predictors to adolescents and young adults’ mental health problems. Experiencing childhood emotional maltreatment predicted low self-esteem. Further research to assess culture factors associated with childhood maltreatment is recommended.     

Adult mental health outcomes of child sexual abuse survivors born at extremely low birth weight

The high prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) is concerning, particularly as survivors are at increased risk for multiple adverse outcomes, including poor mental health across the lifespan. Children born at an extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) and who experience CSA may be a group that is especially vulnerable to psychopathology later in life. However, no research has considered the mental health risks associated with being born at ELBW and experiencing CSA. In this study, we investigated the mental health of 179 ELBW survivors and 145 matched normal birth weight (NBW; >2500 g) participants at ages 22–26 and 29–36. At age 22–26, CSA was associated with increased odds of clinically significant internalizing (OR = 7.32, 95% CI: 2.31–23.23) and externalizing (OR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.11–19.51) problems among ELBW participants exposed to CSA compared to those who did not, though confidence intervals were wide. At age 29–36, CSA was linked to increased odds of any current (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.08–10.87) and lifetime (OR = 7.09, 95% CI: 2.00–25.03) non-substance use psychiatric disorders, however, this did not hold after adjustment for covariates. Statistically significant differences in mental health outcomes were not observed in NBW participants exposed to CSA compared to NBW participants who were not exposed. Survivors of significant perinatal adversity who are also exposed to CSA may be at higher risk for psychopathology through the fourth decade of life.     

A longitudinal evaluative study of student difficulties with engineering graphics

We have previously reported in this journal that spatial ability influences academic performance in engineering. We have also reported that spatial ability is trainable, and can be increased through instruction focused on using perception and mental imagery in three-dimensional representation. In this article, we present the results of a longitudinal evaluative study of student difficulties with engineering graphics at our university, involving research over a 24-year period. Prior to our intervention, the first-year engineering graphics course at our university had a failure rate of 36% for all engineering students, and failure rates of 80% for African students studying at our university. In terms of outcomes, our study indicates that changed teaching practices have been associated with increased pass rates, which currently average 88% for all students. There is clear evidence that African students no longer experience major difficulties in passing the course. This can be attributed both to changes in teaching methodology, as well as broader contextual changes occurring in South Africa over the period reviewed.

Despite evidence of increased pass rates, our data suggest that there is a continuing relationship between three-dimensional spatial perception and academic performance in engineering graphics, as well as with aggregated first-year engineering marks. For this reason, many students still require academic support. There is also evidence that female students experience difficulties with engineering graphics due to lack of previous technical experience, and use a variety of strategies to overcome their study problems. The most effective appear to be use of peers and friends, and in particular students who had previously taken the course, as mediators of the course content and materials. Those female students who have not taken technical drawing at school level, and female students who do not network with other engineering students, are those at greatest disadvantage.     

话语冲突与“心理空间”——《死者》中主人公康罗伊顿悟之心理动因探究

"顿悟"是爱尔兰作家詹姆斯·乔伊斯的名篇《死者》中的重要创作手法之一。运用法康尼尔(Fauconnier,G)认知语言学心理空间理论能有效挖掘人物顿悟之前的心理,从而进一步深化故事主题。在《死者》中,主人公康罗伊与三位女性之间的话语冲突使主要人物的心理空间发生了多次交错,促使康罗伊摈弃殖民地特权者身份,回归爱尔兰传统。康罗伊的精神复苏在深层次上象征着整个民族的新生。     

聚焦技术创新回归学习本质——AECT 2021年会综述

美国教育传播与技术协会(AECT)2021年国际学术年会(简称AECT 2021)于11月2日至6日在伊利诺伊州的芝加哥如期举行。本次会议的主题是“聚焦技术创新,回归学习本质”(A Return to Learning through Innovation),采用实地现场和线上交流同时进行的复合式会议方式,为因疫情而不能现场参与会议的学者们提供了互动交流机会。来自世界各地近1000位教育技术领域的专家学者、教育实践人员、教学设计师以及相关领域的研究生和企业人士,围绕主题展开了丰富多彩的交流与研讨。在为期五天的会议期间,与会者共同探讨了“创新”(Innovate)的蕴意,强调通过创新促进学习,展现了学习与技术间多维、多元与一体的特性。AECT 2021共举办了600多场会议发言,3场特色研究报告,39场创新式演讲,58场小组讨论,42场海报展示和21场专业发展工作坊。另外,会议还特别增加了健康主题活动,通过冥想、瑜伽等活动,思考与探讨数字化时代的技术与身心发展平衡等问题。     

Cognitive load of critical thinking strategies

Argument–counterargument integration (Nussbaum, 2008) refers to the process of evaluating, refuting, and synthesizing arguments on two sides of an issue when creating justification for an overall conclusion. This study compared the cognitive load of two critical thinking strategies related to argument–counterargument integration: (a) constructing design claims that minimize disadvantages of an alternative, and (b) weighing refutations (which weaken an argument by arguing that there are more important values at stake). College students (N = 285) first completed the Need for Cognition (NFC) scale and were then presented with materials summarizing arguments and counterarguments on the topic of grading class participation. Participants completed a small, integrative essay justifying a stand on the issue, and completed the Mental Effort Rating Scale (Paas, 1992). Participants who generated complex weighing refutations reported more mental effort than those constructing complex design claims (and the control group), with a stronger relationship with those high in NFC. The need to coordinate disparate elements in working memory may explain the higher load associated with constructing weighing refutations. Students may need more (and different types of) scaffolding in using this strategy than when constructing a design claim, which is a more sequential process.     

试论客家宗族生成的认同心理

传统的客家宗族文化与宗族认同心理,是一个尚待开拓的领域。结合家谱、家训、族规,从客家宗教制度的形成与特色入手,分析传统的客家宗族文化与宗族认同心理,进而剖析这一认同心理对社会的影响。     

健美操教学对促进普通高校学生身心素质发展的研究

文章运用对比分析统计的方法, 分析健美操教学在高校教育中的作用。结果表明, 健美操运动在改善高校青年学生身体形态机能, 提高身体素质,促进心理健康发展以及培养他们终身体育能力方面具有积极的促进作用.     

美国民事证据开示制度初探——以身体和精神状态检查为分析对象

证据开示制度始于19世纪的英国,此后,逐渐发展至世界各国,并在美国运行最为成功。在中国,至今未正式建立该制度,这是我国民事诉讼过程中问题层出不穷的原因之一。笔者试图在文中介绍美国民事证据开示制度中身体和精神状态检查这种开示方式,为我国建立相关制度或实施相关改革提出有益建议。