背越式跳高运动员的心理训练方法

在背越式跳高训练中,由于教练员忽视对运动员心理素质的训练,导致运动员在大赛中发挥不出自己的正常水平。出现"克拉克现象"、"Chok ing现象"等不利于比赛水平发挥的心理现象。因此,加强心理训练对提高背越式跳高运动员运动成绩具有重要的作用。根据背越式跳高的项目特点,背越式跳高运动员应具有自信强化等六种心理素质。     

运动兴趣项目对上海大学生心理健康影响的研究

本文运用问卷调查法就上海市高校在读大学生的体育锻炼兴趣和体育锻炼项目进行了调查,找出体育兴趣和锻炼行为一致性对锻炼者心理健康的影响。本文所用测量工具心理健康问卷《上海市高校大学生心理状况测量问卷》在此基础上,又添加了体育锻炼基本情况调查表改编而成。     

击剑的专项心理特征及心理调控方法综述

本文以击剑运动项目特征为切入点,通过文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,总结归纳击剑的专项心理特征,并对此进行系统的针对性心理训练,以提高运动员的心理控制能力,从而促进运动员技、战术水平的发挥。     

“心理定向-动作速度合成”法在标枪技术教学中的应用研究

目前,体育院系的技术教学课时大幅减少,如何在有限的时间内完成教学任务,提高教学效能,成为每一位体育教学工作者面临的问题.本实验在标枪技术教学过程中,运用"心理定向-动作速度合成"教学法,将学生的心理活动与动作练习结合起来,对教学所需的心理结构进行定向构建和培养.结果表明:运用"心理定向一动作速度合成"法组织教学,能突出心理认知对技术的控制作用以及掷标枪技术的速度特点,有利于学生掌握完整动作技术,形成合理的运动节奏,能有效的加快教学进度,提高教学效率.     

射击心理训练与发挥

射击运动员技术水平的提高是一个方面,更重要的是与比赛发挥相关联的心理能力的训练和提高。只有技术训练水平而没有发挥高水平的良好的心理能力作保证,其竞技能力永远是低下的。因此,心理技能是发挥的重要因素,因而运动竞赛的心理训练应得到非常的重视。     

我国优秀女子铅球运动员最后用力技术的运动学分析

采用技术动作录像拍摄与分析法、数理统计分析等研究方法,对我国优秀女子铅球运动员的最后用力技术分别从身体各关节与出手速度、最后用力的两个阶段技术参数,人与铅球系统重心的位移等方面,结合铅球专项理论、运动训练学、运动生物力学等理论进行运动学分析,旨在探讨我国优秀女子铅球运动员最后用力技术的特点,进一步提高其训练的科学性、针对性。     

分组分层教学对大学生体质与心理健康促进的实证研究

目的:通过实证研究探讨分组分层教学对大学生体质和心理健康的影响.方法:研究对象为普通大学生,随机分为实验组和对照组,开展15周的实践教学,实验前后测试心理和体质健康指标.结果:1、与对照组相比,实验组体质健康指标:(1)身高、肺活量、1000m(男)、800m(女)和50m,五个测试指标差异显著(P＜0.05);(2)立定跳远、坐位体前屈和引体向上(男),三个测试指标差异非常显著(P＜0.01);2、与对照组相比,实验组心理健康指标:(1)躯体化、焦虑症、强迫症、偏执四个指标差异显著(P＜0.05);(2)人际关系敏感、敌对和抑郁症三个指标差异非常显著(P＜0.01);3、心理健康水平与体质健康有相关性.结论:分组分层教学能有效改善大学生的体质健康和心理健康状况,提升大学生体质健康和心理健康水平,心理健康水平与体质健康有相关性.     

Resilience and psychopathology among victimized youth in residential care

This study examines the role of several resilience resources in the relationship between lifetime victimization and mental health problems among adolescents in care. The sample comprised 127 adolescents (53.% females, aged 12–17 years) from residential care facilities in Catalonia, Spain. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, the Youth Self-Report, and the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire were used to assess victimization, psychological symptoms, and resilience respectively. Results indicated that poly-victimization was associated with fewer resources, and with an increased risk of mental health problems. Self-resources mediated the relationship between victimization and internalizing and externalizing symptoms; community support mediated the relationship between victimization and internalizing symptoms. Self, school and peer support moderated the relationship between victimization and externalizing symptoms. Adolescents with fewer self-resources and less school support reported more externalizing symptoms, as did those with more peer support. However, poly-victimized youths reported symptoms within the clinical range, regardless of their level of resources. The findings stress the importance of preventing poly-victimization and of empowering poly-victimized adolescents, who appear to present low levels of resources. Researchers and clinicians should continue to study the poly-victimization/psychopathology relationship, and also design interventions and prevention programs which incorporate the most relevant resilience resources.     

Cognitive load of critical thinking strategies

Argument–counterargument integration (Nussbaum, 2008) refers to the process of evaluating, refuting, and synthesizing arguments on two sides of an issue when creating justification for an overall conclusion. This study compared the cognitive load of two critical thinking strategies related to argument–counterargument integration: (a) constructing design claims that minimize disadvantages of an alternative, and (b) weighing refutations (which weaken an argument by arguing that there are more important values at stake). College students (N = 285) first completed the Need for Cognition (NFC) scale and were then presented with materials summarizing arguments and counterarguments on the topic of grading class participation. Participants completed a small, integrative essay justifying a stand on the issue, and completed the Mental Effort Rating Scale (Paas, 1992). Participants who generated complex weighing refutations reported more mental effort than those constructing complex design claims (and the control group), with a stronger relationship with those high in NFC. The need to coordinate disparate elements in working memory may explain the higher load associated with constructing weighing refutations. Students may need more (and different types of) scaffolding in using this strategy than when constructing a design claim, which is a more sequential process.